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| Value pathway (per person) | Economic value estimate | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Willingness to pay to avoid illness | $20.70–$64.43 | Machado & Mourato (2002) |
| Loss of beach trips | $2.51–$19.71 | McConnell & Tseng (1999) |
| Value of beach closure | $4.35–$7.96 | McConnell & Tseng (1999) |
| Value of beach closure | $0.00–$24.46 | Parsons, Massey & Tomasi (1999) |
| Loss of beach trips | $40.02 | Murray, Sohngen & Pendleton (2001) |
