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. 2016 Nov 29;6:37833. doi: 10.1038/srep37833

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

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Valence-band XPS spectra of (a) the top surface and back surface (growth interface) of WS₂ grown on sapphire (type B film); (b) the top surface of WS₂ grown on GaN (type C film); and (c) GaN film.