Table 4.

Critical characters for Daiswa, Paris s.s. and Trillium.

Genus	Distribution	Rhizome	Leaves	Flower	Ovary	Seed	No. of trnI-CAU copy in cp genome
Daiswa	Subtropical and tropical areas of East Asia	Thick	A whorl of 4–15 net-veined leaves at stem apex	Solitary	Angular	With sarcotesta or aril	one
Paris s.s.	Temperate areas of Eurasia	Long and slender	A whorl of 4–15 net-veined leaves at stem apex	Solitary	Rounded	Without sarcotesta or aril	Triplication
Trillium	North America and East Asia	Thick	A whorl of 3 net-veined leaves at stem apex	Solitary	Angular	Without sarcotesta or aril	duplication