Table 4.

Comparison of echocardiographic parameters between control and subgroup of DM patients without HTA and CAD (group I) and with preserved ejection fraction (EF ≥ 55%)

	Control (N = 80)	DM patients without HTA and CAD, with EF ≥ 55% (N = 47)	p
LV EDD (cm)	5.03 ± 0.42	5.08 ± 0.43	0.576
LV ESD (cm)	3.43 ± 0.31	3.51 ± 0.41	0.259
LVM (g)	101.76 ± 11.41	117.86 ± 16.23	<0.001
LVM index (g/m2)	52.91 ± 4.29	60.31 ± 8.78	<0.001
LV concentric remodeling, n (%)	24 (30)	21 (44.7)	0.095
LAV (ml)	23.34 ± 3.75	31.09 ± 6.27	<0.001
LAVI (ml/m2)	12.22 ± 2.24	15.95 ± 3.61	<0.001
LV ejection fraction (%)	61.68 ± 5.49	59.19 ± 3.65	0.003
LV fraction of shortening (%)	32.53 ± 3.75	31.19 ± 2.36	0.015
MAPSE (mm)	16.43 ± 1.56	15.41 ± 2.14	0.006
E/A ratio	1.30 ± 0.25	1.10 ± 0.31	<0.001
E deceleration time (msec)	161.99 ± 21.80	201.28 ± 36.46	<0.001
IsoVolumic Relaxation Time (msec)	84.35 ± 9.25	89.53 ± 12.65	0.017
Eprim (m/s)	0.1015 ± 0.03	0.08 ± 0.03	<0.001
E/Eprim	7.40 ± 1.42	10.00 ± 3.17	<0.001
S/D ratio	1.37 ± 0.16	1.35 ± 0.21	0.641
Vp (m/s)	0.75 ± 0.16	0.55 ± 0.13	<0.001
Myocardial Performance Index	0.40 ± 0.05	0.48 ± 0.07	<0.001
Slong (%)	18.71 ± 1.86	17.18 ± 1.89	<0.001
Scirc (%)	21.53 ± 0.99	21.18 ± 1.90	0.237
SR longE (s−1)	1.25 ± 0.15	1.01 ± 0.16	<0.001

LV left ventricle, LV EDD LV end diastolic diameter, LV ESD LV end systolic diameter, LVM LV mass, LVM index LV mass index, LAV left atrial volume, LAVI left atrial volume index, MAPSE mitral annular plane systolic excursion, E early mitral inflow wave, A late mitral inflow wave, Eprim early diastolic mitral annular velocity by tissue Doppler imaging, S pulmonary venous flow systolic velocity, D pulmonary venous flow diastolic velocity, Vp mitral flow propagation velocity, S _long peak longitudinal strain, S _circ peak circumferential strain, SR _long E early diastolic longitudinal strain rate

Note: Longitudinal and circumferential strains are shown in absolute values