Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants by Periodic Limb Movement Index Category
| Characteristic | Overall (N= 2273) |
PLMI < 5 (N=663) |
PLMI 5 to <30 (N = 599) |
PLMI ≥30 (N = 1011) |
p- value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 76.1 +/− 5.5 | 75.4 +/− 5.0 | 75.8 +/− 5.5 | 76.8 +/− 5.7 | <.0001 |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||
| Caucasian | 2041 (89.8) | 566 (85.4) | 527 (88.0) | 948 (93.8) | <.0001 |
| African American | 83 (3.7) | 44 (6.6) | 27 (4.5) | 12 (1.2) | |
| Asian | 72 (3.2) | 27 (4.1) | 19 (3.2) | 26 (2.6) | |
| Other | 77 (3.4) | 26 (3.9) | 26 (4.3) | 25 (2.5) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.2 +/− 3.7 | 27.2 +/− 3.9 | 27.0 +/− 3.8 | 27.2 +/− 3.6 | 0.65 |
| History of: | |||||
| Hypertension | 1122 (49.4) | 306 (46.2) | 302 (50.4) | 514 (50.8) | 0.15 |
| Cardiovascular disease* | 631 (27.8) | 164 (24.9) | 170 (28.4) | 297 (29.4) | 0.12 |
| Congestive heart failure | 94 (4.1) | 30 (4.5) | 28 (4.7) | 36 (3.6) | 0.46 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 310 (13.6) | 85 (12.8) | 71 (11.9) | 154 (15.2) | 0.13 |
| Stroke | 80 (3.5) | 25 (3.8) | 16 (2.7) | 39 (3.9) | 0.42 |
| Current medication use: | |||||
| Cardiovascular medications† | 813 (35.8) | 215 (32.4) | 215 (35.9) | 383 (37.9) | 0.08 |
| Antihypertensives | 1270 (55.9) | 353 (53.2) | 330 (55.1) | 587 (58.1) | 0.14 |
| Dopamenergics | 24 (1.1) | 3 (0.5) | 9 (1.5) | 12 (1.2) | 0.16 |
| Dopamine antagonists** | 58 (2.6) | 18 (2.7) | 13 (2.2) | 27 (2.7) | 0.79 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min/1.73m2 |
71.1 +/− 16.8 | 72.5 +/− 16.5 | 70.2 +/− 17.3 | 70.6 +/− 16.7 | 0.03 |
| Pacemaker placement | 62 (2.7) | 17 (2.6) | 16 (2.7) | 29 (2.9) | 0.93 |
| Current smoker | 46 (2.0) | 12 (1.8) | 13 (2.2) | 21 (2.1) | 0.89 |
| Alcohol use, drinks per week | |||||
| <1 | 1069 (47.3) | 299 (45.5) | 284 (47.5) | 486 (48.4) | 0.47 |
| 1 to 13 | 1070 (47.4) | 328 (49.9) | 277 (46.3) | 465 (46.3) | |
| 14+ | 121 (5.4) | 30 (4.6) | 37 (6.2) | 54 (5.4) | |
| PASE physical activity score | 147.9 +/− 71.6 | 153.7 +/− 76.1 | 141.9 +/− 70.7 | 147.6 +/− 68.8 | 0.01 |
| Total Cholesterol, mg/dL | 193.6 +/− 33.9 | 195.0 +/− 34.9 | 195.7 +/− 32.4 | 191.5 +/− 34.1 | 0.04 |
| Apnea-hypopnea index | 16.9 +/− 15.0 | 18.0 +/− 15.6 | 16.3 +/− 14.4 | 16.4 +/− 14.9 | 0.09 |
| Periodic limb movement index | 35.6 +/− 37.6 | 1.3 +/− 1.5 | 16.8 +/− 7.2 | 69.3 +/− 32.1 | <.0001 |
| Periodic limb movement with arousal index |
4.0 +/− 5.7 | 0.2 +/− 0.4 | 2.1 +/− 2.5 | 7.6 +/− 6.7 | <.0001 |
Data shown as mean +/− SD or N(%). P-values for continuous variables are from an ANOVA for normally distributed variables, a Kruskal Wallis test for skewed data. Categorical variable p-values are from a chi-square test for homogeneity.
*
Includes myocardial infarction, angina, coronary bypass surgery, and angioplasty.
†
Includes calcium channel blockers, non-ophthalmic beta-blockers, cardiac glycosides, and anti-arrhythmic medications – cardiac sodium channel blockers and potassium channel blockers
**
Includes antipsychotics, domperidone, prochlorperazine, perphenazine, chlorpromazine, 599 metoclopramide, or tricyclic antidepressants
***
asked of a subset of 843 men.