Table 1.

Host-virus interactions in RWV bioreactor-derived 3D aggregates.

Tissue Model	Cell Lines	Virus	Virus Replication	Host Response	Reference
Neuronal	NHNP	VZV	Productive infection	No CPE	[31]
Tonsil	Primary cells	HIV	Productive infection	Lymphocyte migration tracked	[32]
Lymphoid	P3HR-1	EBV	Suppression of EBV reactivation	ND	[33]
	P3HR-1 Daudi Ramos	EBV	Suppression of EBV reactivation	ND	[34]
	BJAB Raji	EBV	Suppression of EBV reactivation	Microgravity and radiation increased DNA damage in EBV positive cells	[35]
Lung	HBTC BEAS-2B	SARS-CoV	No SARS-CoV replication detected	Vacuolization, mitochondria loss and chromatin alterations	[36]
	HBTC BEAS-2B	RSV	Productive infection	Signs of cellular damage; mucus produced in 3D aggregates	[37]
	HBTC BEAS-2B	RSV PIV3	Productive infection	Cytokine profile in 3D aggregates was similar to human airways from RSV- and PIV3-infected patients	[30]
Liver	Huh7	HCV	Productive infection	Expression and localization of TJ proteins enhance HCV infection	[38]
	PLC/PRF/5	HEV	Productive infection	No CPE	[39]
Small Intestine	INT-407	HuNoV	Increase in viral RNA copies detected	Vacuolization, shortening of apical microvilli, cell detachment from bead	[40]
			No HuNoV replication detected	Clumping and detachment of cells from microcarrier beads	[41]
			No HuNoV replication detected	No CPE	[42,43]
Colon	Caco-2	HuNoV	Increase in HuNoV RNA copies detected	Shortening of apical microvilli and formation of vacuoles	[44]
			No HuNoV replication detected	No CPE	[42,43]
		CVB	Productive infection	Increased expression of proliferation and differentiation genes	[24]
Placenta	TBPC	HCMV	Productive infection	ND	[45]
	JEG-3	VSV	No VSV replication detected	Resistance to infection mimics in vivo response to infection	[26]
Vagina	V19I	HSV-1 HSV-2	Productive infection	Mucosal epithelial barrier features mimic in vivo characteristics, aggregates are more resistant to HSV infection	[28]

NHNP, normal human neural progenitor; VZV, Varicella zoster virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; EBV, Epstein–Barr virus; HEV, hepatitis E virus; CBV, Coxsackie B virus; HCMV, human cytomegalovirus; VSV, Vesicular stomatitis virus; HSV, herpes simplex virus; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; PIV3, parainfluenza virus type 3; SARS- CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; HuNoV, human norovirus; CPE, cytopathic effects; ND, not determined.