TABLE 3.
Relationship Between Maternal and Infant Characteristics and Cord Blood Ferritin Concentration and Infant Cognitive Development
| Characteristics | Cord Blood Ferritin Concentration | ELC Score | GM Score | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) | P | Mean ± SD | P | Mean ± SD | P | |
| Maternal | ||||||
| Maternal age, ya | −0.07 | .14 | −0.03 | .41 | 0.05 | .19 |
| GA at first ANC, wka | 0.03 | .48 | 0.01 | .85 | −0.00 | .95 |
| Possessions scorea | −0.03 | .54 | 0.12 | <.01 | 0.14 | <10−3 |
| Education | ||||||
| Never schooled | 145.0 (96.6 to 202.6) | .04 | 96.2 ± 14.8 | <10−3 | 49.4 ± 13.9 | <10−3 |
| Primary or more | 136.7 (63.4 to 203.8) | 102.9 ± 12.0 | 54.1 ± 15.1 | |||
| Gravidity | ||||||
| Primigravida | 159.9 (69.6 to 228.5) | .48 | 99.8 ± 13.4 | .28 | 48.2 ± 15.6 | .02 |
| Multigravida | 140.2 (86.3 to 201.8) | 98.2 ± 14.5 | 51.6 ± 14.1 | |||
| Occupation | ||||||
| Housewives | 138.6 (74.2 to 200.2) | .09 | 96.1 ± 15.1 | <10−3 | 49.2 ± 13.7 | <.01 |
| Employed | 145.3 (98.9 to 204.3) | 100.8 ± 13.1 | 52.8 ± 15.0 | |||
| BMI | ||||||
| Underweight | 153.5 (90.8 to 218.5) | .59 | 96.4 ± 15.1 | .07 | 48.9 ± 14.3 | .03 |
| Normal | 140.5 (81.7 to 201.0) | 98.6 ± 14.4 | 50.9 ± 14.5 | |||
| Overweight | 135.3 (82.4 to 179.5) | 101.5 ± 11.6 | 54.8 ± 14.1 | |||
| ID at first ANC visit | ||||||
| Yes | 132.0 (78.0 to 210.2) | .30 | 98.6 ± 14.1 | .94 | 50.2 ± 14.2 | .40 |
| No | 148.7 (93.1 to 202.9) | 98.5 ± 14.4 | 51.3 ± 14.6 | |||
| ID at second ANC visit | ||||||
| Yes | 135.8 (90.1 to 201.2) | .85 | 99.5 ± 14.3 | .21 | 51.4 ± 14.9 | .72 |
| No | 146.6 (81.8 to 202.6) | 98.0 ± 14.1 | 50.9 ± 14.1 | |||
| ID at delivery | ||||||
| Yes | 127.7 (70.9 to 203.4) | .26 | 98.2 ± 14.2 | .80 | 51.2 ± 13.3 | .90 |
| No | 146.3 (90.7 to 202.7) | 98.5 ± 14.4 | 51.0 ± 14.8 | |||
| Infant | ||||||
| Birth weight, g | ||||||
| LBW, <2500 | 154.1 (100.1 to 243.7) | .27 | 97.8 ± 14.9 | .71 | 45.6 ± 15.0 | <.01 |
| Normal, ≥2500 | 140.3 (81.8 to 201.8) | 98.6 ± 14.3 | 51.6 ± 14.3 | |||
| GA at birth, wk | ||||||
| Preterm, <37 | 138.1 (87.0 to 232.5) | .93 | 95.7 ± 15.5 | .14 | 49.3 ± 14.11 | .35 |
| Not preterm, ≥37 | 143.5 (81.7 to 202.9) | 99.0 ± 14.1 | 51.4 ± 14.4 | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Boys | 147.2 (90.5 to 205.1) | .59 | 97.8 ± 13.6 | .21 | 51.8 ± 14.8 | .14 |
| Girls | 136.3 (78.5 to 201.0) | 99.2 ± 14.9 | 50.2 ± 14.1 | |||
| HOME scorea | −0.10 | .04 | 0.19 | <10−3 | 0.19 | <10−3 |
| Cord blood ferritin concentrationa | NA | NA | 0.01 | .80 | 0.01 | .89 |
GA, gestational age; LBW, low birth weight; NA, not applicable.
a
Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients.