TABLE 4.
Relationship Between Maternal ID, IDA, Cord Blood Ferritin Levels, and Infant Cognitive Development
| Log Cord blood Ferritin Concentration | ELC Score | GM Score | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMD (95% CI) | AMD (95% CI)a | AMD (95% CI)a | |
| At first ANC visit | |||
| ID | −0.1 (−0.2 to 0.1)b | 0.4 (−1.9 to 2.8)b | −1.1 (−3.5 to 1.3)c |
| IDA | −0.0 (−0.2 to 0.1)b | 0.7 (−1.9 to 3.3)b | −0.1 (−2.8 to 2.5)c |
| At second ANC visit | |||
| ID | 0.0 (−0.1 to 0.2) NS | 1.5 (−0.7 to 3.8)b | −0.0 (−2.4 to 2.3)d |
| IDA | −0.1 (−0.2 to 0.1) NS | 1.3 (−1.2 to 3.8)b | 1.5 (−1.0 to 4.1)d |
| At delivery | |||
| ID | −0.1 (−0.2 to 0.1) | −0.7 (−3.1 to 1.8) | −0.2 (−2.8 to 2.3)d |
| IDA | −0.2 (−0.4 to −0.0)* | −0.8 (−4.3 to 2.7) | 1.3 (−2.3 to 4.8)d |
| At birth | |||
| Log ferritin concentration | NA | 0.8 (−1.0 to 2.5)e | 0.8 (−0.9 to 2.5)f |
| Anemia (Hb <140 g/L) | NA | 0.0 (−2.3 to 2.3) | 0.4 (−1.9 to 2.7)d |
All models were adjusted for maternal education and malaria at iron assessment. NA, not applicable; NS, not significant model.
a
Models further adjusted for the HOME score
b
Model adjusted for helminth infection at the time of hematologic assessment.
c
Model adjusted for helminth infection at the time of hematological assessment, family possession, and gravidity.
d
Model adjusted for family possession and gravidity.
e
Model adjusted for prepregnancy BMI, and sex.
f
Model adjusted for prepregnancy BMI, gravidity, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score.
*
P < .05.