TABLE 2.

Use of and Spending on Low-Value Diagnostic Tests, Imaging Tests, and Prescription Drugs

Variable	Diagnostic Tests (Measures 1–6)	Imaging Tests (Measures 7–11)	Prescription Drugs (Measures 12–20)	Total
Narrow measures
Service counts	286 066	19 470	419 957	707 493
% of total low-value service count in sample	37.9%	2.8%	59.4%	NA
Out-of-pocket spending	$2 394 690	$2 448 950	$4 312 215	$9 155 855
% of total out-of-pocket spending on low-value services in sample	26.2%	26.7%	47.1%	NA
Total spending	$6 951 671	$9 103 717	$10 934 306	$26 989 694
% of total spending on low-value services in sample	25.8%	33.7%	40.5%	NA
% of sample receiving at least 1 service during the year	3.9%	0.4%	6.1%	9.6%a
Broad measures
Service counts	357 161	36 196	726 789	1 120 146
% of total low-value service count in sample	31.9%	3.2%	64.9%	NA
Out-of-pocket spending	$3 760 452	$4 847 918	$7 678 528	$16 286 898
% of total out-of-pocket spending on low-value services in sample	23.1%	29.8%	47.1%	NA
Total spending	$12 338 221	$20 009 840	$20 608 710	$52 956 771
% of total spending on low-value services in sample	23.3%	37.8%	38.9%	NA
% of sample receiving at least 1 service during the year	5.1%	0.7%	9.7%	14.0%a

NA, not applicable.

^aRepresents the percentage of the sample receiving at least 1 of the 20 low-value pediatric services during the year. This number does not equal the sum of the first 3 columns because some children were affected by >1 category of low-value service during the year.