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. 2016 Nov 19;8(11):341. doi: 10.3390/toxins8110341

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Possible models for acute C. perfringens type A FP vs. chronic gastrointestinal diseases like AAD. (A) C. perfringens type A FP does not require NanI production because strains are ingested in large amounts, sporulate in vivo to produce CPE and are then quickly removed from the intestines by diarrhea. (B) C. perfringens type A AAD does involve NanI production, which may promote adherence and colonization, as required for chronic diarrhea. Modified with permission from [36]. Copyright 2014 American Society for Microbiology.