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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2016 Oct 15;170:114–123. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.10.013

Table 3.

Adjusted Discrete-Time Estimates for Mortality after a Heart Attack Associated with Marital History in U.S. Older Adults

Coefficient (SE)
Model 1:
Demographic
Factors		 Model 2:
SES
Factors		 Model 3:
Psychosocial
Factors		 Model 4:
Behavioral
Factors		 Model 5:
Physiological
Factors		 Model 6:
Full
Model
I. Marriage Timing
  Early marriage .16
(.10)		 .05
(.10)		 .11
(.10)		 .11
(.10)		 .05
(.10)		 −.03
(.10)
  Late marriage .14
(.08)		 .06
(.08)		 .11
(.08)		 .10
(.08)		 −.03
(.08)		 −.06
(.08)
II. Marital Status
  Never married 1.23***
(.33)		 1.13***
(.34)		 1.22***
(.35)		 1.27***
(.34)		 1.15***
(.34)		 1.32***
(.35)
  Remarried .51***
(.15)		 .49**
(.15)		 .49**
(.16)		 .47**
(.15)		 .48**
(.16)		 .44**
(.16)
  Divorced .52***
(.10)		 .37***
(.11)		 .42***
(.11)		 .47***
(.10)		 .47***
(.10)		 .35**
(.11)
  Widowed .29***
(.08)		 .18*
(.09)		 .24**
(.08)		 .23**
(.08)		 .20*
(.09)		 .13
(.09)
  Never married × Time −.11*
(.05)		 −.11*
(.05)		 −.11*
(.05)		 −.11*
(.05)		 −.10*
(.05)		 −.12*
(.05)
  Remarried × Time −.06***
(.02)		 −.06***
(.02)		 −.07***
(.02)		 −.06***
(.02)		 −.06***
(.02)		 −.06***
(.02)
III. Marital Transitions
  Number of marital losses .11*
(.04)		 .04
(.04)		 .06
(.04)		 .06
(.04)		 .06
(.04)		 −.02
(.04)
IV. Marriage Duration†
  Length of longest marriage −.07***
(.02)		 −.05**
(.02)		 −.06***
(.02)		 −.06***
(.02)		 −.07***
(.02)		 −.05**
(.02)

Note: The reference group for marital timing is on-time marriage; the reference group for marital status is continuously married. Analyses were conducted separately for each category of marital variables.

†

Measured as a ratio of years married/age.

Model 1 adjusts for age at onset, gender, race, ethnicity, and geographic region.

Model 2 includes model 1 covariates and adds education level, limited employment, wealth, and health insurance.

Model 3 includes model 1 covariates and adds any children, nearby friends/relatives, religious attendance, and CES-D depressive symptoms.

Model 4 includes model 1 covariates and adds smoking, alcohol use, physical exercise, and medication use.

Model 5 includes model 1 covariates and adds body mass index, limitations in activities of daily living, diagnosed chronic illness, and recurrent heart attack.

Model 6 includes all covariates.

*

p ≤ .05;

**

p ≤ .01;

***

p ≤ .001 (two-tailed test).