Table 1.
Differentiation study | Duration (days) |
Efficiency (GFAP positive) |
Astrocyte markers |
Method (Neuralization) |
Additions in Medium (expansion phase) |
Maturation (astrocyte differentiation) |
Function test |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Krencik et al., 2011 | 180 | >90 % | GFAP S100β CD44 NF1A |
EB | EGF FGF2 (Suspension) |
CNTF, LIF or 10% FBS |
Astrocyte-neuron co-culture Glutamate uptake Propagation of calcium |
Emdad et al., 2012 | 35 | 50-80% | GFAP A2B5 S100β |
EB | N2 FGF EGF CNTF | N2 CNTF | Transwell migration |
Gupta et al., 2012 | 70 | >90% | GFAP S100β EAAT1 EAAT2 |
EB | EGF FGF2 Heparin (Suspension) |
BMP2,BMP4, LIF |
Glutamate uptake |
Juopperi et al., 2012 | 120 | - | GFAP S100β | EB | Astrocyte medium contain FBS (Monolayer) |
FBS | - |
Lafaille et al., 2012 | 90 | - | GFAP | Dual-smad inhibition |
EGF FGF2 | 5% FBS | - |
Roybon et al., 2013 | >80 | >90% | CD44 S100β, CX43 Vimentin NF1A aldolase C |
Dual-smad Inhibition |
B27 NTFs FBS (Monolayer) |
FGF1 or FBS | Glutamate uptake |
Serio et al., 2013 | >70 | >90% | Vimentin, NF1A GFAP S100β EAAT1 |
EB with dual- smad inhibition |
EGF LIF->EGF FGF2 (Suspension) |
CNTF | Glutamate uptake Astrocyte-neuron co-culture Calcium Wave |
Shaltouki et al., 2013 | >70 | 60-80% | CD44 GFAP NF1A S100β EAAT1 |
EB | Actinvin A Heregulin 1 β IGFI FGF2 (Monolayer) |
CNTF BMP2 | Glutamate uptake Astrocyte-neuron co-culture |