Table 1. Thermodynamic parameters for the structural formation of dsDNA and gqDNA in the presence of various concentrations of urea or TMAO.

DNA	[Urea] (wt%)	ΔGº37 (kcal mol–1)	ΔH (kcal mol–1)	ΔS (cal) mol–1 K–1	Tma(°C)
In the presence of urea
dsDNA	0	−17.3	−113	−307	66.4
	5	−17.0	−115	−317	64.9
	10	−16.3	−119	−331	61.7
	15	−15.8	−123	−345	59.5
	20	−14.6	−112	−313	58.0
gqDNA	0	−5.15	−59.2	−174	66.5
	5	−4.44	−57.2	−170	63.1
	10	−3.62	−50.8	−152	60.8
	15	−2.70	−42.3	−128	58.2
	20	−2.66	−46.9	−143	55.7
In the presence of TMAO
dsDNA	0	−17.3	−113	−307	66.4
	5	−18.0	−117	−319	67.4
	10	−18.5	−117	−319	69.0
	15	−18.4	−116	−316	69.0
	20	−18.6	−116	−315	69.6
	30	−17.9	−111	−300	68.9
	40	−16.0	−96.8	−261	66.8
gqDNA	0	−5.15	−59.2	−174	66.5
	5	−6.24	−62.1	−180	71.6
	10	−7.08	−66.2	−191	74.1
	15	−8.03	−70.1	−200	77.1
	20	−9.50	−78.6	−223	79.7

^aThe T _m values were evaluated with 5 μM DNA concentration.