Fig. 5.

Impact on butterfly wings. (A) Image sequences of a droplet ($D_0=$ 2.35 mm, $We=$ 389) impacting on a supported and an unsupported butterfly wing of a specimen from the species C. hyale. Arrows indicate location of impalement. (Scale bar, 1 mm.) (B) Image of the butterfly and micrographs of the wings used for the droplet impact experiment in A. (Scale bar, left to right, 10 mm, 50 μm, and 5 μm.) (C) $\mathrm{\Phi }$ for a droplet ($D_0=$ 2.35 mm) impacting on butterfly wings of the three tested species in supported (rigid) and unsupported (flexible) cases: Butterfly 1, C. hyale, $We=$ 389; Butterfly 2, C. sapphire, $We=$ 568; and Butterfly 3, I. io, $We=$ 401. The sample size was $n\ge$ 9. Significant differences are indicated by asterisks (**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001).