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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 29.
Published in final edited form as: Alzheimers Dement. 2015 Jul;11(7):772–791. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.05.003

Table 2.

Characteristics of immunoassays for measurement of AD biomarkers in CSF

Parameter Fluorimetric
immunoassay		 ELISA Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay ELISA Single Molecule
array (Simoa)
immunoassay		 Chemiluminescent
immunoassay
Manufacturer Fujirebio Fujirebio Roche Diagnostics MESO scale discovery
  (MSD)		 IBL International ADx Neuroscience Quanterix Saladax Biomedical,
  Inc.
Instrument Luminex—xMAP
  Technology		 Microplate reader
  with 450 ± 5 nm
  filter		 Cobas 6000 MESO QuickPlex SQ
  and Sector S 600		 TECAN Evolyzer
  with Plate Reader
  (450 nm)		 EUROIMMUN
  Analyzer I or I-2P		 Simoa HD-1
  Analyzer		 VITROS EciQ/EciQ
  Immunodiagnostic
  System
Solid phase Antibody coupled
  to microspheres		 Antibody
  precoated plate		 Magnetic beads Antibody coated
  carbon electrodes
  integrated in 96-
  well plate		 Antibody precoated
  plate		 Antibody precoated
  plate		 Antibody coupled
  to paramagnetic
  beads		 Streptavidin solid
  surface microwell
Kit name/analyte INNO-Bia AlzBio3
  (Simultaneous
  quantification
  of Ab1–42, Tau,
  and p-Tau181P)		 INNOTEST β
  amyloid (1–42),
  INNOTEST
  hTauAg
  INNOTEST
  Phospho-Tau 181P		 Elecsys β-Amyloid
  (1–42), Elecsys
  tTau, ElecsyspTau
  (181P)		 Aβ Peptide Panel 1 Kit
  for Aβ 42, 40, and
  38;
  MSD Multi-Spot
  Phospho (THR
  231)/total Tau		 Aβ1–42 kit
  Aβ1–40 kit
  Total Tau kit
  Nonphosphorylated
  Tau kit		 Euroimmun Beta
  Amyloid (1–40),
  Euroimmun Beta
  Amyloid (1–42)
  Euroimmun Total
  Tau		 Aβ1–42 kit
  Aβ1–40 kit
  Total Tau kit		 Aβ1–42 kit
  Tau kit
Sample
  throughput		 36–38 samples in
  duplicate/day		 36–38 samples in
  duplicate/day/
  assay		 170 samples/hour 36–40 samples in
  duplicate/day/assay
  (one 96 wells plate)		 39–40 samples in
  duplicate/day/assay
  (one 96-well plate)		 38 samples in
  duplicate/day/assay
  (one 96-well plate)		 500 samples/day Contact manufacturer
Reaction time 15–19 hours 15–19 hours 18 minutes 3 hours 3.5–4 hours 3.5 hours No information Less than 36 minutes
Sample volume 75 µL of CSF/well Abeta 1–42; 25 µL
  of CSF/well
  Total Tau: 25 µL
  of CSF/well
  p-Tau 181P: 75 µL
  of CSF/well		 40 µL of CSF to be
  diluted 1:4		 50 µL of diluted CSF
  (1:8 for Aβ and 1:4
  for Tau)		 5 µL to be diluted 1:20
  per analyte for
  Aβ1–42 and Aβ1–40,
  25 µL to be diluted
  1:4 for Total Tau,
  50 µL to be diluted
  1:2 for non-P-Tau		 15 µL of CSF, diluted
  for Aβ1–40 (1:21),
  25 µL for Tau		 25 µL of CSF per
  analyte for
  Aβ1–42 and
  Aβ1–40, 37.5 µL
  for Tau		 80 µL per analyte
Antibody for
  Aβ1–42, Aβ1–40,
  Aβ1–38 and Tau
  the capture
  antibody is
  followed by the
  detector
  antibody		 Aβ1–42: 4D7A3
  and 3D6
  Total Tau:
  AT120 and
  HT7
  p-Tau181P:
  AT270 and
  HT7		 Aβ1–42: 21F12 and
  3D6
  Total Tau: AT120
  and BT2, HT7
  p-Tau: HT7 and
  AT270		 Biotinylated
  monoclonal anti-
  β-amyloid (X-42)
  and ruthenylated
  monoclonal anti-
  β-Amyloid (1-X)		 Aβ1–42: 12F4 and
  6E10 or 4G8
  Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–38:
  capture antibodies
  are specifically
  reactive to the C-
  terminus of Aβ1–40
  and Aβ1–38,
  respectively, and
  6E10 or 4G8 is a
  detector antibody
  Tau and phospho
  Tau: mouse
  monoclonal
  antibodies		 Aβ1–42: antihuman
  Aβ(38–42) rabbit
  IgG and HRP
  conjugated
  antihuman Aβ(11–
  28) mouse IgG
  Aβ1–40: antihuman
  Aβ(35–40) (1A10)
  mouse IgG and
  HRP conjugated
  antihuman Aβ(11–
  28) mouse IgG
  Tau: mouse
  monoclonal
  antibody specific to
  amino acids 160–
  180 of the Tau 441
  and mouse
  monoclonal
  antibody specific to
  Tau; Non-P-Tau:
  1G2		 Aβ1–42: 21F12 and
  3D6
  Aβ1–40: 2G3 and
  3D6
  Total Tau: Adx201
  and Adx215		 Aβ1–42: 6E10 and
  H31L21
  Aβ1–40: no data
  Total Tau:
  capture antibody
  coupled to
  paramagnetic
  beads to the
  mid-domain of
  tau, detection
  antibody
  (biotinylated) to
  the N-terminus		 Aβ1–42: carboxy
  terminus and amino
  terminus
  Tau: amino acid
  regions 217–224
  and amino acid
  regions 192–204
Quantitative
  range		 Aβ1–42: 51–1700
  pg/mL
  Total Tau:
  25–1400 pg/mL
  p-Tau181P:
  9–260 pg/mL		 Aβ1–42: 62.5–4000
  pg/mL
  Total Tau:
  75–1200 pg/mL
  p-Tau 181P:
  15.6–1000
  pg/mL		 Aβ1–42: 200–1700
  pg/mL		 Aβ1–42: 3.1–1271
  (6E10) or 2.5–1271
  (4G8) pg/mL
  Aβ1–40: 25–7000
  pg/mL (6E10) or
  20–6000 pg/mL
  (4G8)
  Aβ1–38: 60–8475
  pg/mL (6E10) or
  60–7500 pg/mL
  (4G8)
  Total Tau: 30–8000
  pg/mL		 Aβ1–42: 7.81–125 pg/
  mL
  Aβ1–40: 118–1880
  pg/mL
  Tau: 25–1000 pg/
  mL		 Aβ1–42: 126–2010
  pg/mL
  Aβ1–40: 54–711
  pg/mL (not
  corrected for
  dilution factor)
  Total Tau:
  57–1462 pg/mL		 Aβ1–42 and
  Aβ1–40:
  0–100 pg/mL
  Total Tau:
  0.026–360
  pg/mL		 Aβ1–42: 5–2000 pg/
  mL
  Tau: 12–4000 pg/
  mL

Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; Aβ, amyloid beta.

NOTE. The data are information provided by each company regarding the briefly described Parameters as of March 10, 2015. For more detailed and updated information please contact the vendor of the immunoassay of interest, and visit their websites. Fujirebio is in the process of developing a highly automated immunoassay platform, LumiPulse, based on chemiluminescence detection, 120 tests/hour, monotest cartridges, and Luminex Corporation has been developing immunoassays for CSFAβ1–42, and t-tau, with assay linearity for Aβ1-42 and t-tau of 78 pg/mL to 12541 pg/mL and 36 pg/mL to 2068 pg/mL, respectively, and further details will become available for these two immunoassay systems in the future.