Table 2.
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Patients Between Groups
| Variable | Non-BDD Group (n = 39) | BDD Group (n = 51) | Test Statistics | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dissatisfaction with appearance | ||||
| BDDE total score (mean ± SD) | 83 ± 33 | 120 ± 26 | t = 5.87 | <.001* |
| N (%) | N (%) | |||
| BDDE scores >66 | 26 (67) | 50 (98) | χ2 = 16.559 | <.001* |
| Level of preoccupation (obsessive characteristics)a | ||||
| Defect severitya | ||||
| Real | 5 (13) | __ | ||
| Exaggerated | 30 (77) | 42 (82) | χ2 = 7.456 | .024* |
| Non-observable | 4 (10) | 9 (18) | ||
| Perception of self-reference | 14 (36) | 48 (94) | χ2 = 34.952 | <.001* |
| Types of behaviors (compulsive characteristics)a | ||||
| Checking | ||||
| Comparing self to others | 28 (72) | 43 (84) | χ2 = 2.080 | .149 |
| Reassurance seeking | 18 (46) | 24 (47) | χ2 = 0.007 | .932 |
| Mirror checking | 35 (90) | 49 (96) | χ2 = 1.425 | .233 |
| Body inspection | 39 (100) | 50 (98) | Fisher's test | .999 |
| Avoidance and Inhibition | ||||
| Mirror avoidance | 12 (31) | 31 (61) | χ2 = 7.980 | .005* |
| Camouflage strategies | 32 (82) | 47 (92) | χ2 = 2.104 | .147 |
| Avoidance of public situations | 13 (33) | 27 (53) | χ2 = 3.441 | .064 |
| Avoidance of social situations | 12 (31) | 30 (59) | χ2 = 6.989 | .008* |
| Avoidance of physical activities | 21 (54) | 27 (53) | χ2 = 0.007 | .932 |
| Avoidance of physical contact | 15 (38) | 46 (90) | χ2 = 27.084 | <.001* |
| Inhibition of sexuality | 28 (72) | 51 (100) | χ2 = 16.388 | <.001* |
aData obtained using the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination (BDDE). bAccording to the psychologist's assessment based on the BDDE. *Statistical significance (P < .05).