Table 3.
Dates for Enterobius vermicularis analyses from North America
| Locality | Reference | No. studied/No. positive | Dates (B.P.) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paisley Cave, Oregon | [47] | 23/0 | 9,620 |
| Danger Cave, Utah | [30] | 46/1 | 10,000–9,000 |
| Dust Devil Cave, Arizona | [30] | 100/0 | 9,975–8,500 |
| Dirty Shame Shelter, Oregon | [30] | 13/1 | 6750–8250 |
| Frightful Cave, Coahuila, Mexico | [30] | 32/0 | 7,000–4,000 |
| Hogup Cave, Utah | [30] | 50/4 | 5960; 3,200; 1,600 |
| Hinds Cave, Texas | [30] | 117/1 | 4,100–2,600 |
| Upper Salts Cave, Kentucky | [48] | 8/0 | 2,600–2240 |
| Big Bone Cave, Tennessee | [37] | 8/5 | 2,200 |
| Bighorn Cave, Arizona | [30] | 35/0 | 2,200–1,600 |
| Turkey Pen Cave, Utah | [30] | 24/7 | 2,050–1,775 |
| Love Lock Cave, Nevada | [30] | 50/0 | 1,830 |
| Antelope House, Arizona | [30] | 180/44 | 1,400; 925; 860 |
| Rio Zape, Durango, Mexico | [33,34] | 100/23 | 1,400 B.P. |
| Canyon del Muerto | [31] | 2/1 | “Puebloan” |
| Antelope Cave, Arizona | [36] | 22/4 | 1,100 |
| Skiles Mummy, Texas | [49] | 1/0 | 1250 |
| Clyde’s Cavern, Utah | [30] | 24/4 | 1,500–800 |
| Pueblo Bonito, New Mexico | [30] | 15/4 | 920–870; 1,080–980 |
| Kin Kletso, New Mexico | [30] | 5/0 | 1,000–1,100 |
| Mesa Verde, Colorado | [30] | 76/5 | 1,000–800 |
| Bighorn Sheep Ruin | [30] | 20/2 | 950–850 |
| Salmon Ruin, New Mexico | [30] | 112/9 | 900–750 |
| Ventana Cave, Arizona | [50] | 1/0 | 950–500 |
| Inscription House, Arizona | [30] | 17/3 | 750–700 |
| Glen Canyon, Utah Pueblo | [30] | 20/0 | 900–1,100 |
| Glen Canyon, Utah Fremont | [30] | 10/0 | 900–1,100 |
| Qilakitsoq, Greenland | [51] | 1/1 | 475 |
| Total | 119 pinworm positive samples were found in 1,112 samples from 28 sites | ||
Dating has been converted to the Before Present (B.P.) scale. By archaeological and geological convention, January 1, 1950 is the modern reference point for this scale.