Table 2. Effects of environmental propertie and collection month on local genetic diversity in Apis cerana japonica.
Coefficients for standardized explanatory variables estimated in a model with the lowest Akaike’s information criterion are shown.
| Standerdized explanatory variable | Father | Mother | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diversity | Heterozygosity | Diversity | Heterozygosity | |
| Spatial scale* | 5 km | 2 km | 1 km | 1 km |
| Longitudinal periphery (h) | -0.138 | -0.171 | -0.294 | -0.094 |
| Altitude (a) | 0.089 | |||
| Slope angle (g) | 0.129 | |||
| Slope south-facing (s) | 0.073 | |||
| Percipitation (p) | -0.184 | -0.105 | -0.181 | |
| Mean temperature (t) | 0.153 | 0.172 | ||
| Maxinum snow depth (w) | 0.126 | |||
| Mean solar radiation (l) | 0.105 | |||
| Season (max: Jun, min: Dec) (j) | 0.291 | 0.123 | ||
| Season (max: Sep, min: Mar) (b) | 0.132 | 0.226 | ||
| Paddy field (y) | 0.149 | 0.145 | ||
| Farmland (f) | ||||
| Urban area (u) | 0.224 | 0.070 | ||
| Natural forest (n) | -0.093 | |||
| Artificial forest (c) | ||||
| Grassland (r) | ||||
| Landuse diversity (v) | ||||
*Spatial scales for the land use properties are examined among 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5-km radii from each site.