Figure 7. Adipose CD153⁺PD-1⁺CD4⁺ T cells secrete a large amount of OPN independently of the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory pathway.

(A) Representative flow cytometric analysis of PD-L1 on adipocytes, macrophages, and B cells obtained from VAT of WT mice fed an HFD (n = 5 mice per group). (B) CD153⁺PD-1⁺CD4⁺ T cells were cultured in the presence of anti-CD3/28 Abs along with PD-L1–Ig or control reagents for 3 days. IFN-γ and OPN concentrations in the culture supernatants were assessed by ELISA (n = 5 mice per group). Flow cytometric plots are representative of at least 3 independent experiments. Data represent the mean ± SEM. ***P < 0.0001, by 2-tailed Student’s t test.