(A–E) streptozotocin- (STZ-) or vehicle-treated (control) 8-week-old WT and –/– mice. (A) Mean fasting blood glucose over time (+SEM) for n = 9 mice per genotype/treatment. (B) Mean blood glucose (+SEM) during GTT at 16 weeks for n = 9 mice per genotype/treatment. (C) Representative pancreas sections stained for 4-hydroxynonenal 5 days after STZ. Scale bar: 25 μm (n = 4 mice per genotype/treatment). (D) Pancreas tissue triol 5 days after STZ for n = 7 mice per genotype/treatment. (E) Representative pancreas sections stained for TUNEL 5 days after STZ. Scale bar: 25 μm. Quantification for n = 4 mice per genotype/treatment. Magnification ×2. (F) Ins2C96Y Akita allele bred into Rpl13a-snoless model. Mean (+SEM) random blood glucose at indicated time points for a minimum of n = 7 per group. (G) Rpl13a-snoless alleles were bred into the NOD model. Diabetes-free survival over 24 weeks for NOD (n = 26) vs. NOD Rpl13a-snoless (n = 16) female mice. *P < 0.05 for (–/–, STZ) vs. (WT, STZ); **P < 0.05 for (WT, STZ) vs. (WT); #P < 0.001 for (WT, C96Y) vs. (WT); †P < 0.0005 for (–/–, C96Y) vs. (WT, C96Y); determined by unpaired t test. §P < 0.04 by log-rank testing.