Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of HIV-infected FRAM participants, stratified by serum albumin (approximate tertiles)
| Parameter | Albumin ≤ 4.0 g/dL n=335 |
4.1 – 4.3 g/dL n=259 |
Albumin ≥ 4.4 g/dL n=319 |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 43.0 (37.0–49.0) | 44.0 (37.0–50.0) | 42.0 (37.0–48.0) | 0.44 |
| Female | 144 (43%) | 84 (32%) | 46 (14%) | <.0001 |
| African-American | 191 (57%) | 95 (37%) | 86 (27%) | <.0001 |
| Caucasian | 105 (31%) | 144 (56%) | 198 (62%) | |
| Other | 39 (12%) | 20 (8%) | 35 (11%) | |
| Diabetic | 33 (10%) | 22 (8%) | 27 (8%) | 0.78 |
| Current Smoker | 180 (54%) | 96 (37%) | 105 (33%) | <.0001 |
| Past Smoker | 55 (16%) | 74 (29%) | 88 (28%) | |
| Never Smoker | 100 (30%) | 89 (34%) | 126 (39%) | |
| Antihypertensive use | 92 (27%) | 47 (18%) | 65 (20%) | 0.015 |
| ACE-I use | 37 (11%) | 20 (8%) | 29 (9%) | 0.38 |
| Hyperlipidemia Treatment | 30 (9%) | 35 (14%) | 91 (29%) | <.0001 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 114 (105–125) | 115 (105–122) | 118 (109–125) | 0.012 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 78.0 (70.0–84.0) | 77.0 (71.0–83.0) | 79.0 (71.0–85.0) | 0.24 |
| Waist Circumference (cm) | 88.7 (79.6–96.8) | 88.3 (81.7–96.0) | 88.0 (81.5–95.8) | 0.85 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.8 (22.1–29.3) | 24.7 (22.8–27.6) | 24.2 (21.9–26.8) | 0.0069 |
| Serum Albumin (g/dL) | 3.8 (3.5–3.9) | 4.2 (4.1–4.3) | 4.6 (4.4–4.7) | <.0001 |
| Total Protein (g/dL) | 8.0 (7.4–8.7) | 7.7 (7.3–8.2) | 7.9 (7.5–8.4) | 0.0013 |
| Total Protein - Albumin (g/dL) | 4.2 (3.6–4.9) | 3.5 (3.1–4.0) | 3.2 (2.9–3.7) | <.0001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 28.0 (17.0–42.0) | 25.0 (18.0–42.0) | 29.0 (21.0–47.0) | 0.037 |
| AST (U/L) | 32.0 (23.0–51.0) | 27.0 (22.0–40.0) | 29.0 (23.0–40.0) | 0.0026 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 178 (148–213) | 192 (165–227) | 205 (170–245) | <.0001 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 41.0 (32.0–54.0) | 42.0 (35.0–53.0) | 40.0 (33.0–51.0) | 0.25 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 2.5 (1.1–5.2) | 1.9 (0.7–4.0) | 1.4 (0.7–3.0) | <.0001 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 396 (318–477) | 353 (290–425) | 345 (281–405) | <.0001 |
| eGFRcys (mL/min/1.73m2) | 78 (62–97) | 87 (72–104) | 88 (74–101) | <.0001 |
| Albuminuria | 97 (29%) | 35 (14%) | 61 (19%) | <.0001 |
| Detectable HIV RNA | 217 (65%) | 128 (49%) | 101 (32%) | <.0001 |
| Current CD4 (cells/uL) | 303 (162–481) | 366 (238–566) | 423 (270–593) | <.0001 |
| HIV Duration (y) | 8.5 (5.6–11.6) | 8.0 (5.2–11.6) | 7.7 (5.3–12.0) | 0.35 |
| Hepatitis C infection | 104 (31%) | 55 (21%) | 34 (11%) | <.0001 |
| History of AIDS | 257 (77%) | 169 (65%) | 227 (71%) | 0.0088 |
| Ever use of HAART | 283 (84%) | 229 (88%) | 296 (93%) | 0.0039 |
| Current ARV | 257 (77%) | 218 (84%) | 297 (93%) | <.0001 |
Data are presented as Median (IQR) or numbers (percent).
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; CRP, C-reactive protein; eGFRcys, estimated GFR by cystatin C; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy.