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. 2016 Nov 30;7:586. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00586

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Copyright © 2016 Balestra, Theunissen, Papadopoulou, Le Mener, Germonpré, Guerrero and Lafère.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Cardiac four-chamber view obtained by placing the probe at the level of the left fifth intercostal space. (A) Raw Image: Landmark structures in the right heart are easily identified with the “top” of the right ventricle (RV) and the tricuspid annulus on either side of the right atrium that constitute the “upper” border of the right atrium (RA). (B) With Analysis: Bubble signals are identified as bright spots and counted individually; tricuspid valve leaflets and other fixed structures (e.g., papillary muscles in the top of the right ventricle) are not counted. (LA: Left Atrium; LV: Left Ventricle).