Table 2.

Details of primers used in this study.

Primers	Sequence (5′ to 3′)	Target gene	Annealing temperature	Amplicons size	References
β-lactamases
CTX-MA CTX-MB	CGC TTT GCG ATG TGC AG ACC GCG ATA TCG TTG GT	blaCTX-M	54°C	550-bp	Villegas et al., 2004
SHV-F SHV-R	GGG TTA TTC TTA TTT GTC GC TTA GCG TTG CCA GTG CTC	blaSHV	58°C	567-bp	Chang et al., 2001
TEM-F TEM-R	ATA AAA TTC TTG AAG ACG AAA GAC AGT TAC CAA TGC TTA ATC	blaTEM	56°C	1086-bp	Yao et al., 2007
INTEGRONS
intI1-F	CCT CCC GCA CGA TGA TC	intI1	54°C	280-bp	Dillon et al., 2005
intI1-R	TCC ACG CAT CGT CAG GC
intI2-F	AAA TCT TTA ACC CGC AAA CGC	intI2	54°C	439-bp	Dillon et al., 2005
intI2-R	ATG TCT AAC AGT CCA TTT TTA AAT TCT A
intI3-F	AGT GGG TGG CGA ATG AGT G	intI3	54°C	599-bp	Dillon et al., 2005
intI3-R	TGT TCT TGT ATC GGC AGG TG
intI1-VR-F	TCA TGG CTT GTT ATG ACT GT	intI1variable region	56°C	variable	White et al., 2000
ntI1-VR-R	GTA GGG CTT ATT ATG CAC GC
E. coli-SPECIFIC
UAL	TGG TAA TTA CCG ACG AAA ACG GC	uidA	62°C	147-bp	Tantawiwat et al., 2005
UAR	ACG CGT GGT TAC AGT CTT GCG
PHYLO-GROUPS
ChuA-F	GAC GAA CCA ACG GTC AGG AT	ChuA	55°C	279-bp	Clermont et al., 2000
ChuA-R	TGC CGC CAG TAC CAA AGA CA
YjaA-F	TGA AGT GTC AGG AGA CGC TG	YjaA	55oC	211-bp	Clermont et al., 2000
YjaA-R	ATG GAG AAT GCG TTC CTC AAC
TspE4C2-F	GAG TAA TGT CGG GGC ATT CA	TspE4C2	55°C	152-bp	Clermont et al., 2000
TspE4C2-R	CGC GCC AAC AAA GTA TTA CG
ISCR1
ISCR1-F ISCR1-R	CGC CCA CTC AAA CAA ACG GAG GCT TTG GTG TAA CCG	ISCR1	55°C	469-bp	Kiiru et al., 2013

F, forward; R, reverse.