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. 2016 Nov 30;7:1934. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01934

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Copyright © 2016 Mazzoli and Pessione.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Representation of a Glutamatergic/GABAergic neural network, including an excitatory (Glutamatergic) pyramidal neuron (red), inhibitory (GABAergic) neurons (blue) and the related connections. The inhibitory neuron on the left is integrated into a feedback (FB) circuit, while the inhibitory neuron on the right is integrated into a feed-forward (FF) loop. Inhibitory synapses targeted to the soma or dendrites of the pyramidal cell are surrounded by light blue staining, which indicates a background GABA concentration that contributes to the overall inhibition (adapted from Roth and Draguhn, 2012). (B) Scheme of the Glutamatergic/GABAergic neurotransmission in the CNS. α-KG, α-keto-glutarate; EEATs, excitatory amino acid transporters; GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid; GABA_A-R, GABA_A receptor; GABA_B-R, GABA_B receptor; GABA_C-R, GABA_C receptor; GABA-T, GABA transaminase; GAD, Glu decarboxylase; GAT-1, GABA transporter 1; GlnT, glutamine transporter; Glu, glutamate; iGluR, ionotropic Glu receptor; mGluR, metabotropic Glu receptor; SSAl, succinic semialdehyde; SSAlDH, succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase; TCA cycle, the Krebs cycle; vGAT, vesicular GABA transporter; vGluT, vesicular Glu transporter. Symbols: ●, GABA; ▲, Glu.