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Normalized variation in Z with increasing the control parameter for different propagation pathway. (A) Solid line shows the noise level including the first-step and two-step noise propagation pathways from X to Z. Short dot line represents the first-step noise propagation pathway from Y to Z. (B) Short dot line represents the one-step noise propagation pathway from X to Z. The solid line shows two-step noise propagation pathway from X to Z.
