Table 2.
CSF ARV resistance associated mutations (RAMs) in 20 patients with CSF/plasma discordance
| HIV-1 RNA copies/ml | CSF resistance associated mutations | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient ID | Plasma | CSF | ART at sampling | PI | NRTI | NNRTI | INT |
| Low-level viraemia group | |||||||
| 1 | <40 | 138 | TDF/FTC/DRV/r | – | M184I | – | – |
| 2 | <40 | 254 | EFZ/TDF/FTC | Insufficient sample | |||
| 3 | 48 | 2028 | DRV/r/TDF/RAL | None | D67N, K70R, L74V, M184V, T215Y, K219E | L100IL, K103KN | T66I, Y143C |
| 4 | 78 | 3234 | DRV/r/MVC/ETR | None | A62V, K65R, M184V | None | – |
| 5 | 88 | 1569 | TDF/FTC/DRV/r | None | M184I | None | – |
| 6 | <40 | 162 | TDF/FTC/DRV/r | V82A | D67N, M184V, T215Y, K219Q | V108I | – |
| 7 | 258 | 3518 | ABC/3TC/DRV/r | None | L74LV, M184V | None | – |
| Clinical cohort | |||||||
| 8 | 40 | 1038 | TDF/FTC/DRV/r | None | Incomplete testing | ||
| 9 | 52 | 1231 | TDF/FTC/RAL/MVC | Did not amplify | |||
| 10 | 3443 | 13088 | 3TC/AZT/EFZ | – | None | V108I, E138A | |
| 11 | 10817 | 63010 | TDF/FTC/RAL | – | None | None | L74I |
| 12 | <40 | 400 | ABC/3TC/DRV/r/RAL | Did not amplify | |||
| 13 | <40 | 422 | TDF/FTC/ATZ/r | – | T69S, M184I | – | – |
| 14 | <40 | 335 | TDF/FTC/DRV/r | Did not amplify | |||
| 15 | <40 | 162 | 3TC/AZT/DRV/r/MVC/ETR | Insufficient sample | |||
| 16 | <40 | 129 | DRV/r | Did not amplify | |||
| 17 | <40 | 579 | ATZ/r/TDF/FTC | V82AV | M184V, T215I | – | – |
| 18 | <40 | 1981 | DRV/r/RAL/MVC/3TC | None | M184V | V108I | N155H |
| 19 | <40 | 195 | EFZ/TDF/FTC | Did not amplify | |||
| 20 | <40 | 405 | LPV/r/AZT/RAL | None | None | None | N155H |
RAMs in bold are to ARVs taken at the time of sampling. RAMs in italics have been previously detected in plasma. Patient 9 showed CCR5 tropic virus in CSF
PI protease inhibitor, NRTI nucleoside/tide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, NNRTI non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, INT integrase inhibitor, ATZ atazanavir, DRV darunavir, LPV lopinavir, ETV etravirine, MVC maraviroc, NVP nevirapine, RAL raltegravir, RPV rilpivarine, r ritonavir, EFZ efavirenz, TDF tenofovir, FTC emtricitabine, 3TC lamivudine, AZT zidovudine