Comparison of TVA parameter estimates and error rates from Experiment 1 (dashed lines) and Experiment 2 (solid lines) when controlling for the effect of general performance differences between participant groups. Upper left panel, , visual processing speed; Upper right panel, , visual short-term memory capacity; Lower left panel, , visual perceptual threshold; Lower right panel, error rate. All measured at 4°, 7°, and 10° eccentricity, respectively. Significant p-values for ANCOVAs are marked with asterisks,. Error bars show standard errors of the means.