Table 2.
Associations between endoscopic and histological evaluations for H. pylori infection.
|
|
Hp+ | Hp− | Total | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | PPV (%) | NPV (%) | ROC/AUC | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | ||||||
| ∗Mucus on the gastric mucosa | + | 58 | 7 | 65 | 53.33 | 95.1 | 89.23 | 71.2 | 0.732 | <0.001 |
| − | 55 | 136 | 191 | 41.7–60.8 | 90.2–98.0 | 79.1–95.6 | 64.2–77.5 | 0.673–0.785 | ||
|
∗Diffuse redness |
+ | 65 | 6 | 71 | 57.52 | 95.8 | 91.54 | 74.65 | 0.767 | <0.001 |
| − | 48 | 137 | 185 | 47.9–66.8 | 91.1–98.4 | 82.5–96.8 | 67.1–80.2 | 0.710–0.817 | ||
|
∗Spotty redness of fundic mucosa |
+ | 69 | 6 | 75 | 61.06 | 95.8 | 92.99 | 75.69 | 0.784 | <0.001 |
| − | 44 | 137 | 181 | 53.4–70.1 | 91.1–98.4 | 83.4–97.0 | 68.8–81.7 | 0.729–0.833 | ||
| Patchy redness | + | 0 | 4 | 4 | 28 | 100 | 100 | 56.56 | 0.514 | <0.05 |
| − | 113 | 139 | 252 | 0.8–7.0 | 96.8–100 | 31.2–100 | 50.2–62.8 | 0.451–0.577 | ||
| ∗Enlarged fold | + | 68 | 12 | 80 | 60.18 | 92.25 | 85.99 | 74.57 | 0.762 | <0.001 |
| − | 45 | 131 | 176 | 56.5–69.3 | 86.6–96.1 | 76.4–92.8 | 67.5–80.8 | 0.765–0.813 | ||
| ∗Mucosal edema | + | 72 | 15 | 97 | 72.27 | 89.51 | 84.48 | 80.33 | 0.81 | <0.001 |
| − | 31 | 128 | 159 | 63.4–80.5 | 83.3–94.0 | 75.7–91.0 | 73.3–86.2 | 73.3–86.2 | ||
| Red streak | + | 0 | 5 | 5 | 100 | 2.8 | 44.84 | 100 | 0.514 | <0.05 |
| − | 113 | 138 | 251 | 96.5–100 | 0.8–7.0 | 38.6–51.2 | 39.8–100 | 0.451–0.577 | ||
| ∗RAC | + | 98 | 15 | 113 | 86.73 | 90.21 | 87.5 | 89.6 | 0.815 | <0.001 |
| − | 128 | 15 | 143 | 79.1–92.4 | 84.1–94.5 | 79.9–93.0 | 83.4 | 0.839–0.921 | ||
| Xanthoma | + | 6 | 7 | 13 | 5.31 | 95.1 | 46.33 | 55.97 | 0.052 | >0.05 |
| − | 136 | 107 | 243 | 2.0–11.2 | 90.2–98.0 | 19.2–74.8 | 49.5–62.3 | 0.439–0.565 | ||
| Fundic gland polyp | + | 5 | 21 | 26 | 14.69 | 95.58 | 72.42 | 58.54 | 0.551 | <0.05 |
| − | 108 | 122 | 230 | 9.3–21.6 | 90.0–98.5 | 50.0–88.8 | 52.0–65.0 | 0.488–0.613 | ||
| Hyperplastic polyp | + | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1.77 | 100 | 100 | 56.3 | 0.509 | >0.05 |
| − | 111 | 143 | 254 | 0.2–6.2 | 97.5–100 | 15.8–100 | 15.8–100 | 45.96–62.491 | ||
| Gastric ulcer |
+ | 9 | 3 | 12 | 7.96 | 97.9 | 74.97 | 57.38 | 0.529 | <0.05 |
| − | 104 | 140 | 244 | 3.7–14.6 | 94.0–99.6 | 42.8–94.5 | 50.9–63.7 | 0.466–0.592 | ||
| Duodenal ulcer |
+ | 13 | 6 | 19 | 13.5 | 95.8 | 68.39 | 57.8 | 0.537 | <0.05 |
| − | 100 | 137 | 237 | 6.3–18.9 | 91.1–98.4 | 43.4–87.4 | 51.2–64.1 | 0.473–0.599 | ||
| Erosion | ||||||||||
| Flat type | + | 105 | 131 | 236 | 8.39 | 92.92 | 48.36 | 56.21 | 0.507 | >0.05 |
| − | 8 | 12 | 20 | 4.4–14.2 | 86.5–96.9 | 25.6–71.6 | 49.6–62.6 | 0.444–0.569 | ||
| Raised type | + | 112 | 139 | 251 | 2.8 | 99.12 | 71.54 | 56.34 | 0.51 | >0.05 |
| − | 1 | 4 | 5 | 0.8–7.0 | 95.2–100 | 19.4–98.6 | 50.0–62.6 | 0.477–0.572 | ||
| Hemorrhagic erosion | + | 111 | 142 | 253 | 13.89 | 93.81 | 66.28 | 57.4 | 0.528 | >0.05 |
| − | 2 | 1 | 3 | 96.2–100 | 0.2–6.2 | 38.2–50.8 | 16.9–99.8 | 0.442–0.568 | ||
| Bleeding spot | + | 106 | 126 | 232 | 12.89 | 93.81 | 66.28 | 57.4 | 0.528 | >0.05 |
| − | 7 | 17 | 24 | 7.1–18.4 | 87.7–97.5 | 37.6–80.1 | 50.8–63.8 | 0.465–0.591 | ||
The “+” and “−” signs indicate the presence (+) or absence (−) of an endoscopic feature; “Hp+” indicates H. pylori positive, and “Hp−” indicates H. pylori negative. NPV: negative predictive value; PPV: positive predictive value; ROC/AUC: area under the curve of receiver operating characteristics. 95% CI: 95% confidence intervals.