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Protective effects of combined DHA and AST treatments against the cytotoxicity of PA at its IC50 value (22.6 μM) on Schwann cells. Treatment groups compared with the vehicle-treated control (DMSO) groups. Error bars indicate SEM for at least n = 4 in triplicate, p < 0.05, compared to their respective DMSO-treated control group. Different letters (a–g) indicate significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). PA = penitrem A, AST = astaxanthin, DHA = docosahexaenoic acid; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide.
