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. 2016 Nov 30;6:38255. doi: 10.1038/srep38255

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

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(a) Geometries of six tunable meta-atoms, each with a varactor diode loaded to connect the broken central line of the “H”. (b) Calculated reflection-phase spectra of a metasurface consisting of a periodic array of the second meta-atoms at different biasing voltages imparted on the diodes. (c) Retrieved values of the requested voltages imparted on six meta-atoms to maintain the linear phase distributions at every frequency within the band 4.1–6.6 GHz. Inset shows a zoom-in view of the retrieved voltages at frequencies from 6.3 to 6.5 GHz. (d) FDTD calculated reflection amplitudes and phases of six meta-atoms biased by the corresponding voltages as shown in (c). Inset plots the phase profile of the tunable metasurface at 6 GHz.