Table 3.

Unadjusted and adjusted proportional ORs for the effect of paternal involvement on SDQ scores at ages 9 and 11 years, with 95% CIs and p values

	9 years		11 years
Paternal involvement factor scores	Unadjusted [n=5717]	Adjusted* [n=6223]	Unadjusted [n=5262]	Adjusted* [n=5500]
Factor 1: “emotional response to baby and parenting”	OR 0.79 95% CI 0.73 to 0.86 p value <0.001	OR 0.86 95% CI 0.79 to 0.94 p value 0.001	OR 0.81 95% CI 0.74 – 0.88 p value <0.001	0.89 95% CI 0.81 – 0.98 p value 0.017
Factor 2: “engagement in domestic and childcare activities”	OR 1.01 95% CI 0.90 – 1.14 p value 0.854	–	OR 1.09 95% CI 0.97 – 1.24 p value 0.160	–
Factor 3: “security in role as parent and partner”	OR 0.72 95% CI 0.66 – 0.78 p value <0.001	OR 0.87 95% CI 0.79 – 0.96 p value 0.006	OR 0.72 95% CI 0.66 – 0.79 p value 0.001	OR 0.89 95% CI 0.81 – 0.99 p value 0.034

*Adjusting for paternal and maternal EPDS score, parity, maternal age, family SES score, child's age and child's gender

EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SES, socioeconomic status.