Table 3.
Characteristics of the ‘DEGS1—cross-sectional sample’ (N=6048) stratified by status of prevalent undiagnosed diabetes
| GDRS components | DEGS1—cross-sectional sample |
p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants with prevalent undiagnosed diabetes (n=128) | Participants without prevalent undiagnosed diabetes (n=5920) | ||
| Age (years) | 58.6 (55.7 to 61.5) | 45.8 (45.3 to 46.3) | <0.01 |
| Height (cm) | 171.6 (169.5 to 173.8) | 170.7 (170.3 to 171.1) | 0.41 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 108.0 (104.9 to 111.1) | 88.7 (88.1 to 89.3) | <0.01 |
| Hypertension (%) | 65.9 (54.8 to 75.5) | 29.8 (28.5 to 31.2) | <0.01 |
| Sport activity (hours/day) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) | 1.4 (1.4 to 1.5) | <0.01 |
| Former smoker of <20 cigarettes/day (%) | 9.9 (5.5 to 17.1) | 17.7 (16.4 to 19.1) | 0.03 |
| Former smoker of ≥20 cigarettes/day (%) | 25.5 (15.7 to 38.5) | 10.1 (9.2 to 11.1) | <0.01 |
| Current smoker of <20 cigarettes/day (%) | 12.4 (7.2 to 20.7) | 22.2 (20.8 to 23.7) | 0.02 |
| Current smoker of ≥20 cigarettes/day (%) | 14.2 (8.4 to 23.2) | 7.9 (6.9 to 9.0) | 0.03 |
| Wholegrain intake (each 50 g/day) | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.7) | 1.2 (1.2 to 1.3) | 0.59 |
| Coffee consumption (each 150 g/day) | 3.1 (2.5 to 3.6) | 3.3 (3.1 to 3.4) | 0.46 |
| Red meat intake (each 150 g/day) | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.4) | 0.3 (0.3 to 0.3) | 0.18 |
| One parent with diabetes (%)* | 39.8 (28.1 to 52.8) | 22.2 (20.7 to 23.7) | <0.01 |
| Both parents with diabetes (%)* | 5.5 (2.3 to 12.5) | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.2) | <0.01 |
| One or more siblings with diabetes (%)† | 5.0 | 5.0 | – |
| GDRS (points) | 736.6 (705.5 to 767.7) | 485.9 (479.0 to 492.8) | <0.01 |
| Predicted 5-year diabetes risk (%) | 11.3 (8.6 to 14.9) | 1.0 (1.0 to 1.1) | <0.01 |
Values are given as weighted percentage (95% CI), weighted arithmetic mean (95% CI) or, in case of predicted 5-year diabetes risk, as weighted geometric mean (95% CI). Differences in proportions and means between groups were assessed by χ² test or ANOVA.
*Missing information (n=13 with undiagnosed diabetes, n=367 without undiagnosed diabetes) is replaced by a constant reflecting the prevalence of parental history of diabetes among participants with available information.
†Information was not available and is substituted by a constant reflecting the prevalence of a sibling history of diabetes in EPIC-Potsdam.
ANOVA, analysis of variance; DEGS1, German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults; EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; GDRS, German Diabetes Risk Score.