Table 2. Offsets between the planned and actual target and entry points of the electrode trajectories determined from (a) segmentation of its trace in post-operative MRI, (b) a 3D reconstruction of the trajectory, (c) histology.
T/Emri – T/Eplan mean ± s.d. (in mm) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
AP | ML | DV | ED | |
(a) MRI | ||||
Target (T) | −0.50 ± 0.56** | 0.21 ± 0.47* | −0.78 ± 0.61*** | 1.24 ± 0.50 |
Entry (E) | −0.67 ± 0.38*** | 0.13 ± 0.61* | −0.27 ± 0.16*** | 0.92 ± 0.47 |
βmri – βplan° | αmri – αplan° | βmri – βplan°(max) | αmri – αplan°(max) | |
Angle | 1.80 ± 3.94°* | 1.76 ± 4.35° | 12.20° | 14.43° |
(b) Reconstructed | ||||
T/Erec-mri – T/Eplan mean ± s.d. (in mm) | ||||
AP | ML | DV | ED | |
Target (T) | −0.52 ± 0.51*** | 0.28 ± 0.42* | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.76 ± 0.44 |
Entry (E) | −0.69 ± 0.38*** | 0.14 ± 0.61* | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.87 ± 0.49 |
βrec-mri – βplan° | αrec-mri – αplan° | βrec-mri–βplan°(max) | αrec-mri–αplan°(max) | |
Angle | 1.77 ± 3.69°* | 1.25 ± 3.95° | 9.49° | 13.21° |
(c) Histology | ||||
Thist – Tplan mean ± s.d. (in mm) | ||||
AP | ML | DV | ED | |
Target (T) | −0.42 ± 0.30*** | -0.12 ± 0.39 | −0.36 ± 0.72 | 0.92 ± 0.44 |
Offset at target (T) – p value | ||||
ΔTmri vs. ΔTrec-mri | ΔTmri vs. ΔThist | ΔTrec vs. ΔThist | ||
AP | 0.93 | 0.63 | 0.53 | |
ML | 0.66 | 0.04 | 0.01 | |
DV | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.05 |
See the text for methodological details. T target; E entry. AP anterior-posterior, ML medial-lateral, DV dorsal-ventral, ED Euclidean distance. ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.005; *p < 0.05.