Table 2.
Analysis of factors potentially associated with facial paralysis in a nationwide survey (n=14 394)
| Univariable analysis |
Multivariable analysis |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Per cent* | Prevalence | p Value | OR | 95% CI | p Value | OR | 95% CI |
| Age | 0.09 | <0.001 | 1.08 | 1.04 to 1.12 | 0.02 | 1.05 | 1.01 to 1.09 | |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 75 | 0.15 | Referent | Referent | ||||
| Male | 25 | 0.02 | 0.002 | 0.13 | 0.04 to 0.46 | 0.04 | 0.17 | 0.03 to 0.93 |
| Data obtained from the questionnaire | ||||||||
| Smoking, current | ||||||||
| No | 70 | 0.13 | Referent | Referent | ||||
| Yes | 30 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.28 | 0.08 to 0.94 | 0.68 | 1.39 | 0.29 to 6.73 |
| Alcohol drinking | ||||||||
| No | 65 | 0.17 | Referent | Referent | ||||
| Yes | 35 | 0.03 | 0.002 | 0.19 | 0.07 to 0.55 | 0.27 | 0.51 | 0.15 to 1.69 |
| History of hypertension | ||||||||
| No | 60 | 0.06 | Referent | Referent | ||||
| Yes | 40 | 0.24 | 0.01 | 4.23 | 1.39 to 12.86 | 0.81 | 1.16 | 0.36 to 3.73 |
| History of hyperlipidaemia | ||||||||
| No | 85 | 0.08 | Referent | |||||
| Yes | 15 | 0.10 | 0.81 | 1.12 | 0.30 to 4.67 | |||
| History of stroke | ||||||||
| No | 90 | 0.08 | Referent | Referent | ||||
| Yes | 10 | 0.71 | 0.03 | 9.12 | 1.28 to 65.21 | 0.22 | 4.40 | 0.42 to 45.97 |
| History of CVD | ||||||||
| No | 75 | 0.08 | Referent | Referent | ||||
| Yes | 25 | 0.71 | <0.001 | 5.66 | 2.23 to 14.35 | 0.04 | 4.01 | 1.02 to 15.71 |
| History of DM | ||||||||
| No | 80 | 0.07 | Referent | Referent | ||||
| Yes | 20 | 0.36 | 0.03 | 5.18 | 1.18 to 22.70 | 0.21 | 2.64 | 0.57 to 12.17 |
| Laboratory data | ||||||||
| Total cholesterol level (mg/dL) (mean) | 0.09 | 0.01 | 1.01 | 1.00 to 1.03 | 0.04 | 1.01 | 1.00 to 1.03 | |
| HDL-C (mean) | 0.09 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.94 to 1.07 | ||||
| WBC count | ||||||||
| <6.0×103/μL | 65 | 0.12 | Referent | Referent | ||||
| ≥6.0×103/μL | 35 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.42 | 0.13 to 1.31 | 0.15 | 0.39 | 0.11 to 1.38 |
| Otological examination | ||||||||
| TM perforation | ||||||||
| No | 100 | 0.09 | ||||||
| Yes | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Cholesteatoma | ||||||||
| No | 95 | 0.08 | Referent | Referent | ||||
| Yes | 5 | 0.33 | 0.18 | 4.00 | 0.53 to 30.18 | 0.43 | 2.3 | 0.30 to 17.91 |
| Chronic otitis media | ||||||||
| No | 95 | 0.09 | Referent | |||||
| Yes | 5 | 0.10 | 0.85 | 1.21 | 0.16 to 9.28 | |||
| Hearing loss | ||||||||
| No | 70 | 0.07 | Referent | Referent | ||||
| Yes | 30 | 0.27 | 0.04 | 3.98 | 1.10 to 14.43 | 0.80 | 1.18 | 0.33 to 4.27 |
| Subjective positional vertigo* | ||||||||
| No | 90 | 0.13 | Referent | |||||
| Yes | 5 | 0.11 | 0.85 | 0.82 | 0.11 to 6.34 | |||
| Missing | 5 | 0.02 | ||||||
| History of any balance problems* | ||||||||
| No | 85 | 0.13 | Referent | |||||
| Yes | 10 | 0.40 | 0.17 | 3.08 | 0.62 to 15.26 | |||
| Missing | 5 | 0.02 | ||||||
CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TM, tympanic membrane; WBC, white blood cell.
*Per cent of participants with facial palsy.