Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Characteristic | C | T2D-O |
|---|---|---|
| n (W/M) | 4/4 | 4/3 |
| Age (years) | 24.6±1.1 | 26.0±2.1 |
| Height (cm) | 170.3±3.1 | 171.2±3.8 |
| Weight (kg) | 59.9±3.1 | 68.6±5.0 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.6±0.4 | 23.2±0.7* |
| LBM (kg) | 44.7±3.2 | 47.2±4.5 |
| AMMI (kg/m2) | 6.9±0.4 | 7.4±0.5 |
| Trunk fat mass (kg) | 5.7±0.8 | 8.9±1.4 |
| Estimated visceral adipose tissue (g) | 148±47 | 322±198 |
| Body fat (%) | 21.3±2.9 | 27.6±2.6 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 70.6±2.0 | 76.3±3.3 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 90.2±2.3 | 95.2±1.6 |
| Waist/hip | 0.78±0.02 | 0.80±0.03 |
| 2 Hours OGTT plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 5.6±0.4 | 5.3±0.4 |
| OGTT net glucoseAUC (mg/dL/120 min) | 3573±967 | 2578±768 |
| OGTT net insulinAUC (µU/mL/120 min) | 4594±969 | 5544±828 |
| Matsuda-ISI index | 8.94±1.34 | 6.23±0.91 |
| HOMA-IR index | 1.1±0.2 | 1.4±0.2 |
| HbA1c (%) (mmol/mol) | 5.1±0.1 (32±1) | 5.5±0.2 (37±2)* |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.64±0.07 | 0.56±0.07 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.36±0.08 | 4.07±0.28 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.78±0.11 | 1.57±0.22 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.29±0.12 | 2.25±0.14 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 2081±153 | 1990±188 |
| Protein intake (g/day) | 86.8±6.6 | 80.0±8.5 |
| REE (kcal/day) | 1369±113 | 1511±108 |
| npRQ | 0.82±0.01 | 0.80±0.01 |
| Fat oxidation (mg/min) | 46.4±5.3 | 60.6±5.9 |
| Glucose oxidative Rd (mg/min) | 64.5±7.8 | 60.5±8.6 |
| Glucose non-oxidative Rd (mg/min) | 75.4±9.0 | 81.2±10.3 |
Data are mean ± SEM.
*p<0.05 vs C, by independent samples t-test.
AMMI, appendicular muscle mass index; npRQ, non-protein respiratory quotient; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; REE, resting energy expenditure.