Table 1.
Clinical, electrocardiographic, and electrophysiological characteristics of septal APs successfully ablated from the aortic cusps.
| Author/Date | Patients | Age (years) | ECG | AP location | Successful ablation site | Energy used, Energy settings, Type of ablation catheter | Complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xu et al. (2015) | 12 | 14-69 | NR | Para-Hisian AP | NCC | – RF energy | None |
| – 15–40 W | |||||||
| – Non-irrigated tip | |||||||
| Liao et al. (2015) | 1 | 15 | – Positive delta wave in leads I, aVL, II, III, aVF (II>III) | Para-Hisian AP | RCC | – RF energy | None |
| – Negative delta wave in lead V1 | – 30 W | ||||||
| – Transition zone in lead V3 | – NR | ||||||
| Tanıdır et al. (2015) | 1 | 17 | – Positive delta wave in leads I, II, III, aVF | Right anteroseptal AP | NCC | – RF energy | None |
| – Negative delta wave in leads V1–V2 | – NR | ||||||
| – NR | |||||||
| Laranjo et al. (2015) | 1 | ΝΑ | ΝΑ | Left anterior AP | LCC–NCC junction | – RF energy | None |
| – ΝΑ | |||||||
| – ΝΑ | |||||||
| DeMazumder et al. (2014) | 1 | 31 | – Positive delta waves in leads I, aVL, aVF | Right anteroseptal AP | RCC–NCC junction | – RF energy | None |
| – Positive delta wave in lead V1 | – 30 W | ||||||
| – Transition zone in lead V3 | – Irrigated tip | ||||||
| Oloriz et al. (2014) | 1 | 13 | – Positive delta waves in leads I, aVL, II, III, aVF | Right anteroseptal AP | RCC | – RF energy | None |
| – Negative delta wave in lead V1 | – 15–20 W | ||||||
| – Transition zone in lead V3 | –Irrigated tip | ||||||
| Ozcan et al. (2013) | 1 | 38 | – Positive delta waves in leads I, II, III, aVF | Right anteroseptal AP | NCC | – RF energy | None |
| – Positive delta wave in lead V1 | – NR | ||||||
| – Transition zone in lead V3 | – Irrigated tip | ||||||
| Baszko et al. (2012) | 1 | 27 | – Positive delta waves in leads I, II, III, aVF (II>III) | Right anteroseptal AP | NCC | – RF energy | None |
| – Negative delta wave in lead V1 | – 45 W, 48 °C | ||||||
| – Transition zone in lead V3 | – Non-irrigated tip | ||||||
| Park et al. (2013) | 7 | NR | NR | Right midseptal and anteroseptal APs | NCC=2 RCC=5 | – RF energy | - AV block 48 h after RCC AP- Arrhythmia recurrence or WPW on ECG in 2 patients |
| – 50 W, 60 °C | |||||||
| – Non-irrigated tip | |||||||
| Kobayashi et al. (2012) | 1 | 15 | – Positive delta waves in leads I, aVL, II, III, aVF | Right anteroseptal AP | NCC | – RF energy | None |
| – rS configuration in lead III | – 20 W, 50 °C | ||||||
| – Positive delta wave in lead V1 | – Irrigated tip | ||||||
| – Transition zone in lead V4 | |||||||
| Wilsmore et al. (2012) | 1 | 42 | Concealed | Para-Hisian AP | LCC | – RF energy- Irrigated tip | None |
| – 15–35 W | |||||||
| – Irrigated tip | |||||||
| Godin et al. (2011) | 1 | 26 | – Positive delta waves in leads I, II, III, aVF (II>III) | Para-Hisian AP | LCC | – RF energy | None |
| – Isoelectric delta wave in lead V1 | |||||||
| – Transition zone in lead V2 | |||||||
| Suleiman et al. (2011) | 3 | Patient 1: | Patient 1: | Right anteroseptal AP | NCC | Patient 1: | None |
| 17 | – Less positive delta waves in lead III than in lead II | - RF energy | |||||
| – 20–50 W 60 °C | |||||||
| – Non-irrigated tip | |||||||
| Patient 2: | Patient 2: | Patient 2: | |||||
| 31 | – NR | – Cryoablation (−70 °C). | |||||
| – RF energy was delivered at the successful siteas “insurance” burns | |||||||
| Patient 3: | Patient 3: | Patient 3: | |||||
| 18 | – The delta wave was less positive in lead III in comparison to lead II | – Cryoablation (−70 °C) | |||||
| Balasundaram et al. (2009) | 1 | <1 year (4th month) | Concealed AP | Para-Hisian AP | NCC | – RF energy | None |
| – 25 W, 55 °C | |||||||
| – Non-irrigated tip | |||||||
| Huang et al. (2006) | 1 | 29 | – Positive delta waves in leads I, II, III and aVF | Right anteroseptal AP | NCC | – RF energy | None |
| – Positive delta waves in leads V1 and V2 | – 20-35 W, 55 °C | ||||||
| – Transition zone in lead V4 | – Non-irrigated tip | ||||||
| Tada et al. (2003) | 1 | 51 | Concealed AP | Para-Hisian AP | NCC | – RF energy | None |
| – 35 W, 55 °C | |||||||
| – Non-irrigated tip |
AP: accessory pathway; AV: atrioventricular; ECG: electrocardiogram; LCC: left coronary cusp; NA: not available; NCC: non-coronary cusp; NR: not reported; RCC right coronary cusp; RF: radiofrequency; WPW: Wolff-Parkinson-White