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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 30.
Published in final edited form as: Demography. 2013 Dec;50(6):1945–1967. doi: 10.1007/s13524-013-0243-z

Table 4.

Simulation Results: Inconsistent IE estimates as the number of periods increases.

Periods=3 Periods=9 Periods=12

Truth IE Bias Truth IE Bias Truth IE Bias
Age 1 −1 −0.997 0.003 −1 −2.144 −1.144 −1 −3.016 −2.016
2 0 −0.002 −0.002 0 0.000 0.000 0 −0.000 −0.000
3 1 0.999 −0.001 1 2.144 1.144 1 3.017 2.017

Period 1 −7 −6.999 0.001 −17.5 −14.642 2.858 −38.5 −27.407 11.093
2 0 −0.002 −0.002 −10.5 −8.783 1.717 −31.5 −22.427 9.073
3 7 7.002 0.002 −3.5 −2.931 0.569 −24.5 −17.441 7.059
4 3.5 2.928 −0.572 −17.5 −12.462 5.038
5 10.5 8.785 −1.715 −10.5 −7.470 3.030
6 17.5 14.643 −2.857 −3.5 −2.493 1.007
7 3.5 2.494 −1.006
8 10.5 7.473 −3.027
9 17.5 12.455 −5.045
10 24.5 17.441 −7.059
11 31.5 22.425 −9.075
12 38.5 27.412 −11.088

Cohort 1 −2 −2.001 −0.001 −3.5 −7.497 −3.997 −6.5 −19.612 −13.112
2 −1 −0.998 0.002 −2.5 −5.362 −2.862 −5.5 −16.590 −11.090
3 0 −0.001 −0.001 −1.5 −3.214 −1.714 −4.5 −13.575 −9.075
4 1 1.004 0.004 −0.5 −1.071 −0.571 −3.5 −10.558 −7.058
5 2 1.996 −0.004 0.5 1.074 0.574 −2.5 −7.542 −5.042
6 1.5 3.215 1.715 −1.5 −4.525 −3.025
7 2.5 5.353 2.853 −0.5 −1.506 −1.006
8 3.5 7.502 4.002 0.5 1.509 1.009
9 1.5 4.529 3.029
10 2.5 7.542 5.042
11 3.5 10.559 7.059
12 4.5 13.575 9.075
13 5.5 16.589 11.089
14 6.5 19.604 13.104