Table 1.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
| Inclusion criteria | |
|---|---|
| Design | |
| Human intervention studies including randomized controlled trials, quasi randomized controlled trials and randomized cross-over trials. | |
| Participants | |
| Aged between 3 to ≤ 18 years. | |
| Conditions | |
| Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) diagnoses determined using internationally recognised standardised diagnostic criteria. | |
| Developmental Co-ordination Disorder (DCD) determined using internationally recognised diagnostic criteria such as the DSM 4 or 5. | |
| Cerebral Palsy (CP) classified at Gross Motor Function Classification System Level I. | |
| Extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight children born at ≤ 30 weeks gestational age, < 1000 g with mild – moderate GM disorders. | |
| Acquired Minimal Brain Injury or mild Traumatic Brain Injury (Glasgow Coma Score ≥ 13). | |
| Developmental Delay determined using internationally recognised standardised diagnostic criteria defined by the DSM 4 or 5 in children ≤ 5 years age. | |
| Gross motor delay including children functioning at 1SD (16th centile) below the standardised population mean assessed by a standardised assessment tool. | |
| Interventions | |
| Any home, community or school-based non-pharmacological, non-surgical intervention for children and adolescents involving a targeted therapy with stated clear intent to improve gross motor proficiency delivered by a trained health professional (e.g. Physiotherapist, Occupational Therapist). | |
| Comparator (s)/control | |
| No treatment, placebo, waiting list or usual therapy | |
| Primary Outcomes | |
| GM performance measured with a standardised assessment tool. | |
| Secondary Outcomes | |
| Compliance, parental satisfaction, child satisfaction and cost. | |
| Exclusion Criteria | |
| Exclusion Criteria | |
| Studies not reporting a quantitative effect size including either a standard error (SE), standard deviation (SD) or confidence interval (CI). | |
| Studies including subjects with: | |
| Chromosomal disorders known to be associated with a motor deficit. | |
| Unadjusted hearing or visual impediments. | |
| Moderate to severe intellectual disability with IQ below 60 | |
| Dystonia or hip dysplasia | |
| Studies reporting non-conservative rehabilitation interventions including surgery and pharmacological management (e.g. Botox therapy, dorsal rhizotomy). | |