Table 2.
Subject characteristics according to ferritin levels.
| Parameters | Men | p-Value | Women | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferritin levels | 15–200 ng/mL | >200 ng/mL | 15–150 ng/mL | >150 ng/mL | ||
| Unweighted N | 5157 | 925 | 7050 | 330 | ||
| Age (year) | 44.3 ± 0.3 | 45.7 ± 0.6 | 0.026 | 47.9 ± 0.3 | 61.0 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9 ± 0.1 | 25.1 ± 0.1 | <0.001 | 23.5 ± 0.1 | 25.1 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120.2 ± 0.3 | 123.4 ± 0.6 | <0.001 | 116.8 ± 0.3 | 126.7 ± 1.3 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.0 ± 0.2 | 81.9 ± 0.5 | <0.001 | 74.1 ± 0.2 | 76.3 ± 0.7 | 0.002 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 97.5 ± 0.4 | 105.0 ± 1.0 | <0.001 | 95.4 ± 0.3 | 112.1 ± 3.3 | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 187.1 ± 0.7 | 194.0 ± 1.7 | <0.001 | 190.2 ± 0.6 | 204.9 ± 3.3 | <0.001 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 24.1 ± 0.3 | 44.6 ± 2.7 | <0.001 | 17.9 ± 0.2 | 36.6 ± 3.6 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.97 ± 0.003 | 0.96 ± 0.007 | 0.145 | 0.72 ± 0.003 | 0.78 ± 0.027 | 0.018 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 97.2 ± 0.8 | 319.0 ± 8.0 | <0.001 | 51.2 ± 0.5 | 230.4 ± 9.2 | <0.001 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 2452 ± 19 | 2517 ± 51 | 0.220 | 1692 ± 12 | 1520 ± 39 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 93.2 ± 0.3 | 93.8 ± 0.7 | 0.404 | 97.1 ± 0.3 | 87.7 ± 1.4 | <0.001 |
| High-risk drinker (%) a | 22.6 ± 0.8 | 41.8 ± 2.1 | <0.001 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 3.9 ± 1.6 | 0.624 |
| Ever smoker (%) a | 74.8 ± 0.8 | 84.1 ± 1.6 | <0.001 | 11.2 ± 0.6 | 11.4 ± 2.4 | 0.934 |
| Regular exerciser (%) a | 51.1 ± 0.9 | 43.6 ± 2.1 | 0.001 | 44.0 ± 0.8 | 36.8 ± 3.6 | 0.054 |
| Low eGFR (%) a | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 0.636 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 7.7 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
| Proteinuria (%) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.6 | <0.001 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 0.582 |
| Chronic kidney disease (%) | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 3.9 ± 0.7 | 0.032 | 3.2 ± 0.3 | 8.1 ± 1.7 | <0.001 |
All data are presented as mean or percentage ± standard error (SE) and their p-values are determined by independent t-tests and chi-square tests. a High-risk drinker: AUDIT ≥ 15; Ever a smoker who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes; Regular exerciser: vigorous intensity ≥ 3 days and/or moderate intensity ≥ 5 days; Low eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2; Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.