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. 2016 Nov 8;13(11):1096. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13111096

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© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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MiRNA biogenesis and posttranslational silencing mechanism. The miRNA maturation includes the production of the primary miRNA transcript (pri-miRNA) by RNA polymerase II or III and cleavage of the pri-miRNA by Drosha in the nucleus. Pre-miRNAs are transported to the cytoplasm by Exportin 5 and are processed into miRNA/miRNA* duplexes by Dicer. Only one strand of the miRNA/miRNA* duplex is processed into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which subsequently acts on its target mRNAs through mRNA cleavage, translational repression or deadenylation, depending on the level of complementarity between the miRNA and its targets. ORF, open reading frame.