| MDPI | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| NHDS | Nigeria Demographic and Health survey |
| U5 | under five |
| STAR | Structured Additive regression |
| GAM | Generalized Additive model |
| AIC | Akaike Information Criteria |
| BIC | Bayesian Information Criteria |
| GVC | Generalized Cross Validation |
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