Table 4.
DSM criterion | DSM-IV diagnosis | DSM-5 diagnosis | Description | Prevalence in the total sample (N=31367) | Prevalence among new DSM-5 AUD non-cases (N=802)1 | Prevalence among new DSM-5 AUD cases (N=467)2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | SE | % | SE | % | SE | ||||
Major role | Abuse | AUD | Recurrent use despite the inability to fulfil role obligations | 5.8 | 0.2 | 29.0 | 2.1 | 0.0 | - |
Hazardous | Abuse | AUD | Recurrent use in physically dangerous situations | 7.2 | 0.2 | 58.2 | 2.3 | 0.0 | - |
Social | Abuse | AUD | Recurrent use despite substance-related social problems | 4.4 | 0.2 | 7.9 | 1.1 | 0.0 | - |
Legal | Abuse | N/A | Recurrent use despite substance-related legal problems | 2.6 | 0.1 | 14.1 | 1.5 | 0.0 | - |
Tolerance | Dependence | AUD | Tolerance | 3.8 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 24.3 | 2.5 |
Withdrawal | Dependence | AUD | Withdrawal | 3.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 14.4 | 2.1 |
Larger/longer | Dependence | AUD | Drinking larger amounts or for longer than intended | 12.8 | 0.3 | 4.1 | 1.0 | 92.2 | 1.4 |
Cut down | Dependence | AUD | Desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down | 4.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 25.1 | 2.4 |
Time spent | Dependence | AUD | Great deal of time spent drinking or recovering from effects | 3.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 16 | 2.2 |
Give up | Dependence | AUD | Reduction in important activities because of drinking | 1.9 | 0.1 | 0.0 | - | 2.2 | 0.7 |
Continue | Dependence | AUD | Continued use despite significant problems | 3.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 12.2 | 1.9 |
Craving | N/A | AUD | Craving or strong desire for alcohol | 3.7 | 0.1 | 0.0 | - | 25.8 | 2.5 |
Nine countries were included: Iraq, Brazil, Medellin, Romania, Australia, Murcia, Northern Ireland, Poland and Portugal.
N/A – not applicable.
Individuals who were DSM-IV Abuse cases and switched to DSM-5 sub-threshold AUD
Individuals who were DSM-IV diagnostic orphans and switched to DSM-5 mild AUD