Table 5.
Clinical correlates of alcohol use disorder diagnostic subgroups (n=29,307)
| No AUD symptoms1 (N=23,973) | Consistent non-cases2 (N=1,215) | New non-cases3 (N=745) | New cases4 (N=444) | Consistent cases5 (N=1,187) | New non-cases vs consistent non-cases6 | New cases versus consistent cases7 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | SE | % | SE | % | SE | % | SE | % | SE | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | |
| Anxiety disorder8 | 15.4 | 0.3 | 20.0 | 1.3 | 16.3 | 1.8 | 31.7 | 2.5 | 25.9 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 0.6–1.1 | 1.4* | 1.0–1.9 |
| Mood disorder9 | 11.1 | 0.3 | 13.1 | 1.1 | 11.9 | 1.5 | 22.4 | 2.5 | 18.8 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.7–1.4 | 1.3 | 0.9–1.9 |
| Drug use disorder10 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 4.7 | 0.7 | 7.6 | 1.1 | 8.4 | 1.7 | 16.4 | 1.6 | 1.7* | 1.1–2.7 | 0.5* | 0.3–0.7 |
| Suicidal ideation | 6.6 | 0.2 | 10.6 | 1.0 | 12.0 | 1.6 | 17.5 | 2.0 | 16.9 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.9–1.8 | 1.1 | 0.8–1.6 |
| Suicide plan | 2.1 | 0.1 | 3.3 | 0.6 | 3.8 | 1.0 | 4.3 | 0.8 | 3.1 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.6–2.5 | 1.4 | 0.8–2.4 |
| Suicide attempt | 1.3 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 3.3 | 0.8 | 3.4 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.6–2.5 | 0.9 | 0.4–1.7 |
| Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Beta | 95%CI | Beta | 95%CI | |
| Impairment11 | 2.8 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 0.3 | 1.8 | −0.6–4.2 | 1.4 | −0.3–3.1 |
| Distress12 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 2.9 | 0.1 | 3.1 | 0.2 | 3.9 | 0.2 | 3.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 | −0.5–0.5 | 0.4 | −0.1–1.0 |
Eight Countries were included: Iraq, Brazil, Medellin, Romania, Australia, Murcia, Northern Ireland, and Poland. Portugal was excluded as substance use data were not collected.
Individuals who have no DSM-IV or DSM-5 AUD symptoms
Individuals who are orphans in DSM-IV and Sub-threshold in DSM-5
Individuals with abuse (w/o dependence) in DSM-IV and Sub-threshold AUD in DSM-5
Individuals who are orphans in DSM-IV and Mild AUD (2–3 criteria) in DSM-5
Individuals with abuse or dependence in DSM-IV who convert to Mild AUD (2–3 criteria) in DSM-5
Odds ratios (OR) comparing consistent non-cases and new non-cases. Consistent non-cases used as the reference group.
Odds ratios (OR) comparing new cases and consistent cases. Consistent cases used as the reference group.
Anxiety disorder includes panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, separation anxiety disorder/adult separation anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder. Note: not all individual anxiety disorders were assessed in all countries.
Mood disorder includes major depressive episode, dysthymia and bipolar I, II and subthreshold.
Drug use disorder includes drug abuse and dependence.
Measured using the Global WHODAS instrument (except for Australia where it was not assessed).
Measured using the K6 instrument.
p<0.05