Table 2.
Temporal priority in AOO distributions of lifetime DSM-IV/CIDI MDD and anxiety disordersa among respondents with lifetime and 12-month comorbid MDD and anxiety disorders in the WHO WMH Surveys
| Among lifetime comorbid casesb | Among 12-Month comorbid casesb | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anxiety first | MDD first | Anxiety first | MDD first | |||||||
| % | (s.e.) | % | (s.e.) | (n) | % | (s.e.) | % | (s.e.) | (n) | |
| I. Low/Middle Income | ||||||||||
| Brazil – São Paulo | 76.6* | (2.6) | 12.8 | (2.0) | (439) | 75.6* | (3.4) | 15.7 | (3.0) | (205) |
| Bulgaria | 62.8* | (5.6) | 11.0 | (3.1) | (145) | 62.0* | (7.6) | 13.1 | (4.2) | (54) |
| Colombia | 78.3* | (3.0) | 8.2 | (1.8) | (285) | 84.4* | (3.3) | 9.3 | (2.7) | (110) |
| Columbia – Medellin | 79.2* | (3.4) | 10.1 | (2.5) | (186) | 87.4* | (4.1) | 6.9 | (3.0) | (73) |
| Iraq | 44.4* | (6.3) | 12.2 | (3.5) | (167) | 47.6* | (8.2) | 11.0 | (5.1) | (81) |
| Lebanon | 68.1* | (4.8) | 17.2 | (4.1) | (128) | 68.1* | (4.8) | 18.8 | (6.4) | (49) |
| Mexico | 78.7* | (3.6) | 13.4 | (3.1) | (212) | 77.8* | (4.1) | 15.8 | (3.7) | (101) |
| Nigeria | 88.9* | (4.7) | 5.2 | (3.3) | (36) | 86.1* | (9.1) | 7.8 | (7.9) | (12) |
| Peru | 66.5* | (5.3) | 15.6 | (4.0) | (85) | 69.3* | (6.9) | 17.3 | (5.6) | (37) |
| PRCc – Beijing/Shanghai | 74.4* | (9.5) | 5.1 | (3.6) | (40) | 70.0* | (13.1) | 5.1 | (4.5) | (21) |
| PRCc – Shenzhen | 87.5* | (5.20 | 4.0 | (2.2) | (70) | 84.7* | (7.1) | 2.9 | (2.2) | (37) |
| Romania | 89.9* | (5.70 | 3.9 | (2.5) | (25) | 97.2* | (3.0) | 2.8 | (3.0) | (11) |
| Total | 71.5* | (1.5) | 11.3 | (1.0) | (1782) | 72.9* | (2.0) | 12.4 | (1.4) | (791) |
| II. High Income | ||||||||||
| Australia | 62.8* | (2.6) | 13.5 | (1.8) | (623) | 62.0* | (4.0) | 16.2 | (2.8) | (229) |
| Belgium | 64.4* | (6.8) | 14.2 | (5.4) | (106) | 65.9* | (10.1) | 21.5 | (10.0) | (39) |
| France | 70.2* | (3.8) | 15.6 | (2.9) | (261) | 64.1* | (7.3) | 18.0 | (5.4) | (68) |
| Germany | 69.6* | (4.9) | 17.1 | (4.8) | (164) | 72.8* | (8.0) | 19.9 | (8.0) | (55) |
| Israel | 30.0 | (4.8) | 33.3 | (4.7) | (104) | 31.0 | (6.1) | 32.5 | (5.9) | (48) |
| Italy | 57.9* | (4.3) | 12.8 | (3.0) | (172) | 56.9* | (7.4) | 13.8 | (5.8) | (51) |
| Japan | 55.8* | (7.4) | 5.4 | (3.2) | (64) | 59.1* | (10.4) | 7.2 | (5.3) | (25) |
| Netherlands | 58.1* | (4.8) | 18.7 | (4.4) | (186) | 52.8 | (8.5) | 31.4 | (8.5) | (40) |
| New Zealand | 70.2* | (1.8) | 10.2 | (1.3) | (1125) | 71.1* | (2.8) | 12.8 | (2.3) | (370) |
| Northern Ireland | 74.7* | (3.1) | 17.1 | (2.7) | (282) | 77.2* | (4.0) | 13.8 | (3.2) | (110) |
| Poland | 73.3* | (5.7) | 17.5 | (4.9) | (89) | 71.1* | (8.2) | 21.9 | (7.9) | (36) |
| Portugal | 69.5* | (2.8) | 17.3 | (2.3) | (338) | 72.8* | (4.1) | 17.9 | (3.7) | (126) |
| Spain | 56.8* | (4.4) | 11.2 | (2.5) | (217) | 50.7* | (6.1) | 14.5 | (4.2) | (87) |
| Spain – Murcia | 49.7* | (5.5) | 22.3 | (4.8) | (131) | 44.7 | (7.8) | 31.5 | (7.8) | (45) |
| US | 75.6* | (1.6) | 12.5 | (1.3) | (957) | 77.5* | (2.2) | 13.2 | (1.8) | (375) |
| Total | 66.9* | (0.9) | 14.2 | (0.7) | (4818) | 66.7* | (1.3) | 16.5 | (1.1) | (1704) |
| III. Total | 68.0* | (0.8) | 13.5 | (0.6) | (6600) | 68.5 | (1.1) | 15.3 | (0.9) | (2495) |
*Significant difference between the proportion of cases with anxiety temporally primary v. MDD temporally primary at the 0.05 level, two-sided test.
aAnxiety disorders include generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia, separation anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder.
bPercentages with MDD first and anxiety first sum to less than 100% because some respondents reported that their MDD and anxiety disorders started at the same age. In cases where respondents had multiple anxiety disorders, earliest AOO was used.
cPeople's Republic of China.