Table 3.

Socio-demographic correlates of lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI MDD and of comorbid anxiety disorders^a given MDD in the WHO WMH Surveys^b

	Lifetime				12-Month
	MDD		Anxiety disorder/MDD		MDD		Anxiety disorder/MDD
	OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)
Age
18–34	1.4*	(1.25–1.52)	1.8*	(1.56–2.09)	2.1*	(1.78–2.42)	2.6*	(2.03–3.24)
35–49	1.9*	(1.73–2.06)	2.6*	(2.29–2.96)	2.5*	(2.16–2.84)	3.3*	(2.67–4.07)
50–64	1.7*	(1.55–1.85)	2.2*	(1.93–2.49)	1.9*	(1.68–2.21)	2.6*	(2.14–3.24)
65 +	1.0	–	1.0	–	1.0	–	1.0	–
χ23	256.9*		247.2*		172.8*		126.0*
Gender
Male	1.0	–	1.0	–	1.0	–	1.0	–
Female	1.8*	(1.73–1.91)	2.1*	(1.97–2.28)	1.8*	(1.66–1.96)	2.1*	(1.83–2.36)
χ21	536.0*		419.0*		199.5*		126.8*
Marital status
Married	1.0	–	1.0	–	1.0	–	1.0	–
Never Married	1.2*	(1.07–1.23)	1.2*	(1.04–1.27)	1.4*	(1.22–1.49)	1.4*	(1.23–1.69)
Sep/Wid/Divorced	2.0*	(1.90–2.19)	2.0*	(1.81–2.19)	2.2*	(1.97–2.42)	2.3*	(2.01–2.72)
χ22	387.5*		203.1*		237.5*		128.5*
Incomec
Low	1.1	(0.99–1.15)	1.3*	(1.16–1.43)	1.4*	(1.23–1.54)	1.6*	(1.36–1.89)
Low–Mid	1.1*	(1.05–1.22)	1.3*	(1.20–1.47)	1.3*	(1.19–1.49)	1.6*	(1.31–1.83)
Mid–High	1.1*	(1.05–1.20)	1.3*	(1.15–1.39)	1.2*	(1.05–1.30)	1.3*	(1.08–1.49)
High	1.0	–	1.0	–	1.0	–	1.0	–
χ23	15.3*		36.6*		37.3*		36.5*
Education level
None	0.7*	(0.59–0.88)	0.7*	(0.51–0.93)	1.0	(0.75–1.37)	0.9	(0.58–1.40)
Some primary	0.9*	(0.79–0.98)	0.9	(0.79–1.08)	1.2*	(1.03–1.42)	1.2	(0.98–1.53)
Completed primary	0.7*	(0.64–0.80)	0.8*	(0.66–0.90)	0.9	(0.74–1.04)	1.0	(0.78–1.29)
Some secondary	0.8*	(0.72–0.85)	0.9*	(0.76–0.97)	0.9*	(0.76–0.99)	0.9	(0.77–1.16)
Completed secondary	0.8*	(0.70–0.82)	0.8*	(0.68–0.84)	0.8*	(0.72–0.91)	0.8*	(0.62–0.90)
Some College	1.0	(0.87–1.04)	1.0	(0.91–1.15)	1.0	(0.91–1.19)	1.1	(0.87–1.29)
Completed college	1.0	–	1.0	–	1.0	–	1.0	–
χ26	85.3*		51.0*		46.2*		32.3*
n	74 045		14 430		74 045		5898

*Significant at the 0.05 level, two-sided test.

^aAnxiety disorders include generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia, separation anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder.

^bBased on person-level logistic regression models pooled across surveys. Time-varying socio-demographic variables were coded as of time of interview rather than as of AOO.

^cIncome was coded within country. Low = less than 50% of the median value of the ratio of before-tax income to number of family members; Low-average = 50–100% of the median value of the ratio of before-tax income to number of family members; High-average = more than 100% to 300% of the median value of the ratio of before-tax income to number of family members; High = more than 300% of the median value of the ratio of before-tax income to number of family members.