Table 5.
Treatment of 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI MDD in the presence v. absence of comorbid anxiety disordersa in the WHO WMH Surveysb
| Any | Specialty Psychiatricc | General Medicalc | Non-medicalc | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present | Absent | Present | Absent | Present | Absent | Present | Absent | |||||||||
| % | (s.e.) | % | (s.e.) | % | (s.e.) | % | (s.e.) | % | (s.e.) | % | (s.e.) | % | (s.e.) | % | (s.e.) | |
| I. Low/Middle Income | ||||||||||||||||
| Brazil – São Paulo | 43.9* | (4.5) | 30.4 | (3.5) | 27.2 | (4.0) | 17.7 | (2.8) | 19.4 | (3.7) | 12.6 | (2.6) | 9.6 | (2.9) | 9.1 | (2.3) |
| Bulgaria | 39.7 | (8.1) | 27.8 | (6.1) | 13.9 | (5.7) | 8.7 | (3.9) | 34.6 | (8.0) | 22.7 | (5.6) | 0.5 | (0.5) | 0.9 | (0.9) |
| Colombia | 24.2 | (5.9) | 16.4 | (3.7) | 17.3 | (5.6) | 8.7 | (2.7) | 6.2 | (2.2) | 6.9 | (2.5) | 5.6 | (3.9) | 1.7 | (1.1) |
| Colombia – Medellin | 28.6 | (6.1) | 26.9 | (6.1) | 15.5 | (4.9) | 24.2 | (5.9) | 11.4 | (4.1) | 4.9 | (2.8) | 5.9 | (2.9) | 1.0 | (1.0) |
| Iraq | 16.5 | (7.6) | 8.4 | (4.3) | 7.0 | (5.7) | 5.8 | (4.2) | 2.6 | (1.5) | 0.5 | (0.4) | 7.0 | (5.6) | 2.1 | (1.0) |
| Lebanon | 18.2 | (6.1) | 26.0 | (5.9) | 7.4 | (4.2) | 13.0 | (5.1) | 11.8 | (5.3) | 13.1 | (4.0) | 2.0 | (1.5) | 1.8 | (1.5) |
| Mexico | 18.9 | (4.6) | 30.7 | (4.7) | 11.0 | (4.0) | 12.8 | (3.4) | 5.7* | (1.9) | 13.8 | (3.5) | 6.1 | (3.6) | 5.8 | (2.2) |
| Nigeria | 58.5* | (18.1) | 10.1 | (5.7) | 3.0 | (3.2) | 2.8 | (2.1) | 47.6* | (18.1) | 8.3 | (5.5) | 8.0 | (8.2) | 1.7 | (1.8) |
| Peru | 25.9 | (7.4) | 33.2 | (6.6) | 6.7 | (4.2) | 19.6 | (5.3) | 12.5 | (5.5) | 12.0 | (4.9) | 12.8 | (5.7) | 8.7 | (3.8) |
| PRCd – Beijing/Shanghai | 56.2* | (18.5) | 7.2 | (4.4) | 3.9 | (4.1) | 6.2 | (4.4) | 54.8* | (18.9) | 0.6 | (0.6) | 37.5 | (24.1) | 0.5 | (0.5) |
| PRCd – Shenzhen | 14.1 | (7.0) | 5.9 | (2.3) | 9.9 | (6.4) | 0.2 | (0.2) | 9.5 | (6.4) | 0.7 | (0.4) | 2.5 | (2.6) | 5.3 | (2.2) |
| Romania | 48.5 | (19.7) | 12.0 | (6.4) | 30.4 | (19.8) | 7.5 | (5.5) | 25.1 | (13.2) | 8.3 | (5.9) | – | – | 1.2 | (1.3) |
| Total | 30.3* | (2.4) | 20.6 | (1.5) | 16.1* | (1.9) | 11.2 | (1.2) | 14.0* | (1.7) | 8.6 | (1.0) | 7.5* | (1.7) | 4.6 | (0.7) |
| II. High Income | ||||||||||||||||
| Australia | 80.2* | (2.6) | 47.0 | (3.4) | 54.4* | (3.3) | 22.6 | (2.8) | 61.9* | (3.2) | 34.1 | (3.2) | 20.0* | (2.6) | 6.9 | (1.7) |
| Belgium | 61.4 | (10.1) | 49.3 | (8.6) | 34.1 | (9.1) | 34.4 | (8.5) | 49.4 | (10.1) | 40.5 | (8.6) | 9.1 | (6.2) | 2.6 | (2.0) |
| France | 62.2* | (8.5) | 36.4 | (6.4) | 28.7 | (8.6) | 14.7 | (4.8) | 49.7* | (8.1) | 29.3 | (5.7) | 0.5 | (0.6) | 2.8 | (1.6) |
| Germany | 51.6 | (7.5) | 43.8 | (8.5) | 39.2* | (7.3) | 17.6 | (5.6) | 21.2 | (6.5) | 33.8 | (8.2) | 10.4 | (4.2) | 5.9 | (3.3) |
| Israel | 55.8* | (7.5) | 35.5 | (3.3) | 36.4* | (7.3) | 19.7 | (2.7) | 35.0* | (7.3) | 14.8 | (2.4) | 15.7 | (5.6) | 8.4 | (1.8) |
| Italy | 64.3* | (7.2) | 20.2 | (4.9) | 21.8 | (7.2) | 9.9 | (3.8) | 61.4* | (7.4) | 16.8 | (4.7) | 3.1 | (2.2) | 2.2 | (1.6) |
| Japan | 60.0* | (11.1) | 32.4 | (8.3) | 46.6 | (11.9) | 20.4 | (6.6) | 18.1 | (9.6) | 9.7 | (7.0) | 34.0* | (11.7) | 7.9 | (4.3) |
| Netherlands | 77.4* | (7.7) | 36.8 | (7.7) | 52.7* | (10.5) | 17.9 | (4.5) | 63.8* | (10.0) | 27.3 | (7.1) | 10.3 | (5.3) | 3.7 | (1.8) |
| New Zealand | 64.7* | (3.3) | 53.4 | (3.5) | 30.9* | (3.1) | 21.7 | (2.8) | 46.8 | (3.3) | 42.1 | (3.4) | 19.9* | (2.8) | 9.9 | (1.9) |
| Northern Ireland | 61.3* | (6.2) | 41.0 | (6.1) | 25.2 | (4.7) | 11.4 | (4.1) | 59.6* | (6.2) | 38.2 | (6.0) | 9.4 | (3.2) | 6.8 | (3.6) |
| Poland | 49.8 | (9.7) | 36.2 | (6.0) | 33.2 | (8.8) | 25.3 | (5.1) | 28.7 | (9.4) | 16.6 | (4.7) | 12.0 | (5.6) | 7.7 | (3.5) |
| Portugal | 60.8 | (4.9) | 55.4 | (4.4) | 32.8 | (4.6) | 25.2 | (3.9) | 41.0 | (4.9) | 36.6 | (4.3) | 6.9 | (2.4) | 3.5 | (1.7) |
| Spain | 70.2* | (6.1) | 51.6 | (5.6) | 33.4 | (6.5) | 40.2 | (5.3) | 59.1* | (6.6) | 24.8 | (4.3) | 6.2 | (4.0) | 2.3 | (1.0) |
| Spain – Murcia | 73.9 | (7.8) | 61.8 | (5.9) | 56.9* | (8.7) | 33.6 | (6.2) | 21.0 | (6.3) | 33.0 | (5.6) | 4.9 | (3.7) | 1.1 | (0.7) |
| US | 63.5* | (2.8) | 48.6 | (3.3) | 37.7* | (2.9) | 26.0 | (2.8) | 38.0* | (2.9) | 26.4 | (3.0) | 19.1 | (2.3) | 14.9 | (2.3) |
| Total | 66.8* | (1.5) | 45.4 | (1.4) | 38.5* | (1.6) | 22.6 | (1.2) | 47.7* | (1.6) | 29.6 | (1.3) | 15.8* | (1.2) | 7.4 | (0.7) |
| III. Total | 56.2* | (3.1) | 37.3 | (2.6) | 32.0* | (3.0) | 18.9 | (2.1) | 37.9* | (3.1) | 22.7 | (2.3) | 13.4* | (2.2) | 6.5 | (1.3) |
*Significant difference depending on whether comorbid anxiety disorders are present v. absent at the 0.05 level, two-sided test.
aAnxiety disorders include generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia and post-traumatic stress disorder.
bSee Table 3 for denominator sample sizes.
cSee the text for definitions of specialty, general medical and non-medical treatments.
dPeople's Republic of China.