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. 2016 Nov 29;7:174. doi: 10.1186/s13287-016-0434-9

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© The Author(s). 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Human fetal and adult EPDCs undergo EMT upon TGFβ stimulation. a Phase contrast microscopy showed that SB-treated cells displayed a characteristic cobblestone morphology, while upon TGFβ stimulation both fetal and adult EPDCs underwent EMT. This was evident by transformation into a spindle-shaped and elongated morphology. Change in morphology was accompanied by (b) a decrease in nuclear WT1 and (c) an increase in αSMA. Upon TGFβ stimulation, (d) phalloidin visualized the increase in actin filaments and (e) VIM staining showed an organized network of intermediate filaments (scale bars: 100 μm). EPDCs epicardial-derived cells, SB medium containing SB431542, TGFβ transforming growth factor beta