Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 30.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Int. 2013 Jan 8;53:1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.11.010

Table 2.

Geometric mean creatinine adjusted hydroxyl-PAH concentrations (ng/g creatinine) by fuel type adjusted for age of the subject, highest grade of education, SES and the district where the subject lived and trimester.

Fuel 1-NAP 2-NAPa 2-FLUb 3-FLUb 9-FLUc 1-PHEb 2-PHEb 3-PHEd 4-PHEb 1-PYRe
Wood 8841 8068 919 228 1897 1236 466 426 239 800
UCL1 17594 14084 1427 381 3008 1842 731 656 392 1351
LCL2 4443 4622 592 136 1196 829 296 276 146 474
Kerosene 7389 7576 1056 184 2874 1582 575 428 296 626
UCL 18535 15799 1882 364 5288 2669 1041 754 568 1249
LCL 2946 3633 593 93 1562 938 318 242 154 313
Fuel combination with gas 6275 5512 542 137 1355 737 290 260 131 476
UCL 11701 9217 816 221 2070 1068 440 388 205 766
LCL 3366 3296 361 85 887 509 191 174 83 295
Fuel Combination without gas 2441 3778 446 75 1142 599 256 176 109 282
UCL 6739 8496 843 158 2237 1066 493 329 223 605
LCL 884 1680 236 35 583 336 133 94 53 131
Gas 4864 3307 407 101 973 537 234 189 111 324
UCL 8212 5052 570 149 1383 728 330 262 161 482
LCL 2881 2165 291 68 684 397 166 136 76 218
Coal briquette 4412 3785 532 119 1373 777 282 236 142 477
UCL 9003 6750 840 203 2216 1176 451 370 237 819
LCL 2162 2122 337 70 850 513 176 150 85 278

Statistically significant differences at p=0.05 are lettered.

1

LCL: lower confidence limit.

2

UCL — upper confidence limit.

a

concentrations in wood significantly higher than only gas, coal briquette and combo without gas; and kerosene group significantly higher than only gas.

b

concentrations in kerosene and wood groups significantly higher than all other groups.

c

concentration in wood group significantly higher than only gas group; and kerosene group significantly higher than all other groups except wood group.

d

concentrations in wood group significantly higher than all other groups but not different from kerosene group; but kerosene group significantly higher than only gas, coal briquette and combo without gas and not combo with gas.

e

concentrations in wood group significantly higher than all other groups except kerosene group; but kerosene not significantly higher than any other group.