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. 2016 Aug 3;311(4):C596–C606. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00088.2016

Fig. 8.

Fig. 8.

Schematic representation of the hypothesis. HHcy induces hypertension by TLR-4 activation followed by inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) elevation and initiation of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, which lead to cell death and chronic vascular inflammation. TLR-4 mutation attenuates vascular inflammation and cell death, which suppress hypertension. ΔΨm, mitochondrial membrane potential; Apaf-1, apoptotic protease-activating factor 1.