Fig. 13.

High glucose conditions minimally affected the Src, Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways. The steady state levels and activation status of Src kinase, MAPK, and Akt pathways were evaluated by Western blot analysis of lysates prepared from RPE cells in different glucose conditions by using specific antibodies as detailed in materials and methods. Please note no significant changes in these pathways were detected in different glucose conditions (P > 0.05, n = 3). Please also note decreased levels of JNK in RPE cells in high glucose compared with normal glucose or osmotic stress (*P < 0.05, n = 3). These experiments were repeated with two different isolations of RPE cells with similar results.